IAS 16, Property, plant and equipment
By Graham Holt
Studying this technical article and answering the related questions can count towards your verifiable CPD if you are following the unit route to CPD and the content is relevant to your learning and development needs. One hour of learning equates to one hour of CPD. We 'd suggest that you use this as a guide when allocating yourself CPD units.
Property plant and equipment (PPE) are tangible assets that an entity holds for its own use or for rental to others, and that the entity expects to use during more than one period. PPE could be constructed by the reporting entity or purchased from other entities.
Biological assets, intangible assets and investment property are not PPE.
…show more content…
When a revalued asset is disposed of, any revaluation surplus may be transferred directly to retained earnings, or it may be left in equity under the heading revaluation surplus. The transfer to retained earnings should not be made through the income statement so as to prevent 'recycling '.
IAS 16 capitalises subsequent expenditure on an asset using the same criteria as the initial spend; that is, when it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. If part of an asset is replaced, then the part it replaces is derecognised, regardless of whether it has been depreciated separately or not. This is in contrast to certain local generally accepted accounting principles (for example, UK GAAP), which require capitalisation of subsequent expenditure only when the expenditure improves the condition of the asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.
Depreciation
The depreciable amount (cost less prior depreciation, impairment and residual value) should be allocated on a systematic basis over the asset 's useful life. The residual value and the useful life of an asset should be reviewed, at least, at each financial year end. And if expectations differ from previous estimates, any change is accounted for prospectively as a change in estimate under IAS 8.
The residual value of an item of PPE is based on the
(1) PP&E- The original value of the PP&E received by Mr. Shields, constant at $200,000.
of CGUs) and then to the other assets in the CGU (or groups of CGUs) pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU (or groups of CGUs). An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is recognised immediately in profit or
The value of fixed assets typically decreases over time. The amount of the decrease each year is accounted for and is called depreciation. Depreciation for the year is expensed on the income statement and added to the accumulated depreciation account on the balance sheet. So the value of the fixed assets on the balance sheet is reduced by the accumulated depreciation.
As discussed above, if indicators of impairment exist for an asset (group) to be held and used, an entity determines whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the asset (group) in question is less than its carrying amount. If those undiscounted cash flows are less than
ASC 320-10-35-34: “The fair value of the investment would then become the new amortized cost basis of the investment and shall not be adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value.”
c. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the asset’s estimated useful life, which is determined by asset category as follows: Buildings and improvements (5 – 40 years); Store fixtures and equipment (3 – 15years), Leasehold improvements (Shorter of initial lease term or asset life); Capitalized software (3 – 7 years).
| In Year 1, depreciation is $5,000 plus 15% of the asset’s outlayFrom Year 2, depreciation is either * 30% of the asset’s book value; or * if the asset’s book value is less than $6,500, depreciation is the asset’s book value (i.e. asset is depreciated to zero once book value < $6,500)
An impairment loss shall be recognized only if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset (asset group) is
Capital assets that can be deprecated must be, either by straight-line depreciation or the composite method (weighted average) of depreciation.
Answer: Is the systematic allocation of the cost of an intangible asset to expense over its estimated useful life.
-The estimated depreciation lives on certain U.S. plants, machinery and equipment changed. The economic life of these assets was increased, so the depreciation expense was lowered.
* Expected that the asset will be sold or disposed of before the end of its estimated useful life
Furthermore, by adopting a historical cost approach the assets will be depreciated over that useful life which has been estimated. With the useful life of an asset being so subjective it is hard to apportion a useful figure to depreciation. By increasing the useful life of an asset you are effectively spreading the depreciation expense over a longer period of time resulting in lower depreciation expenses and vice versa. In fact, Zheng et al. (2012) go one step further and consider depreciation to be a strategy for managers to manipulate profits.
* It must include the CHRP course. You may find it useful to break down the course into the 6 units, although I have shown it as one item.
Depreciation is the reduction in the value of certain fixed assets. It is a periodic reduction of fixed assets, usually done every year. Fixed assets are assets that add value to the company. Examples of fixed assets that can be depreciated are vehicles, buildings, machinery, equipment and fixture and fittings. The only fixed asset that is not depreciated is land, because it is not worn-out overtime, unless natural resources are being exploited. When a company buys a new fixed asset it doesn’t account for the full cost of it as one single large expense, instead the expense is spread over the life time of the asset. This is done by depreciating the asset. For example a company purchases a CNC router for €50,000 and will be used for five year. If they pay the full amount in the