Ice Caves Research Paper

They have sinuous, curving channels and their heights are higher compared to their widths (Thompson & Thompson, 2003). Irregularities toward the local direction of slant cause paths sinuosity. Canyons located in the Mammoth Cave run up to 80 to 100 feet high and 10-30 feet wide but many of them are not that high and much narrower. Vertical shafts are created where water can run down vertically alongside fractures (Call, 2010) as illustrated in figure 6.

The Little Bison Basin has a relatively new history shrouded in mystery and revealed through its many glaciers and carved out regions. Prior to and into the ice age, this entire region was a frozen wasteland, lifeless and barren. In fact, it was so barren that no people had even ventured into the area.

The Cherokee Caverns is located in 8524 Oak Ridge Highway Knoxville TN 37931 US. The cavern hold up events like music festival, Christmas, and the not so scary Halloween. Inside this wonderful caverns are inhabited by the nocturnal animals the bats. The history within the cavern began to form about 300 million years ago. There are shells and skeletons of ancient marine life would mix with sand, clay, and other material to form a rock known as copper ridge dolomite. Cherokee Caverns was discovered in 1854 by a Robert Crugdington. The cave was open to the public in 1929 under the previous name Gentry’s Cave. There were Indian artifacts that is located in the cave revealing how another entrance to the cave exist in the past. Within the cavern,

The Wyandotte caves are made out of limestone like any other cave in Indiana but the Wyandotte cave has a “cliff ”so when people go they have to be careful. There is a Mount Baldy in California but the one in indiana is special. Mount Baldy isn't a mountain, it’s a sand dune. Sand dunes are mountains hills and ridges with sand on them and they “Hide” behind beaches and are affected by tides. In other words Mount Baldy is a mountain with sand on it. Mount Baldy is also known as the “living” sand dune, because every year it is someplace new, South of the shore of Lake

The thousands of tourists and residents that enjoy these springs are a very good reason to protect and cherish them. The recreation is not as important to preserve as the quality and amount of drinking water that the springs produce. The joy that the springs give so many people and the revenue they could generate are valid reasons to be concerned about their condition and their future. The labyrinth of caves has been a favorite of cave divers for more than 40 years. The diving can be quite dangerous though. Without proper precaution and safety measures divers can very well get lost or trapped in the caves. In the last 40 years or so, about 300 divers have died in the caves. Communities have always been based around the springs. Everyone from the Native Americans to the settlers would have used the springs for food and water. These springs made life in Florida possible and their importance and heritage needs to be remembered and appreciated. Small communities like Ichetucknee are completely dependent on their spring for their way of life. The spring and surrounding community are a cultural landmark. When the springs become endangered, the communities and the small town way of life for North and Central Florida become endangered. Ichetucknee Springs are endangered, just as many across the state are. Chemicals and waste from Lake City, a town 15 miles away are showing up in trace amounts in the spring. The

A glacier occurs when the climate of an area is so cold that new snow does not completely melt each summer and more snow is added in the winter. After many winters the accumulation of this snow becomes compact and re-crystallizes, thus forming a glacier. Currently, glaciers cover about ten percent of the Earth's surface. Yet, in the past, glaciers covered much more land and were thousands of meters thick. (Tierney)

In the cave I was shocked with how beautiful it was on the inside. The caves I have visited have never looked this neat. When we first saw the inside we see that there were these crystal icicle looking things all over the place and they looked really clean compared to other caves that I have

The site has been elected and given UNESCO World Heritage status for two reasons, or criteria. One of the reasons for the listing is its natural beauty, abundance and diversity of structures in the caves. The stalactites in the caverns vary in size and height, with one, called the “Witch’s Finger”, reaching up to 6 metres in height.

When we first arrived there, the showed us a 4-5 minute video about Crystal Cave. I learned that the cave was founded in 1881 by two brothers, William and George Vanasse. I also learned that they had both carved their names in the walls of the cave and you can still see them right now. But Crystal Cave wasn’t just a normal cave that you explore in, back then, people used it for weddings, parties, etc. The room where they held these events is still fully functional, so you can still go in there, but I don’t think you can have a party in there anymore. When we finally got into the cave, our tour guide told us that there are colonies of brown bats living in the cave, but they have their own part of the cave, so you can’t bother them. It was cold in the cave, so everyone wore a sweatshirt. We also saw many different rock formations such as animals, ice cream, and even one that looks like Donald Duck! There were many glistening and shining crystals that William and George had thought were diamonds, but they were just a very common crystal. They had a cave formation that you could touch. The tour guide called them rotten eggs because they looked like eggs that had been dropped and never cleaned up. When I touched them, they were smooth and moist, yet somehow warm and lumpy. They had a rare rock formation, a column! A column is created when a stalactite and a stalagmite combine together form one long pillar. These

Ice sheets are mainly fresh water. When the ice sheets recede we end up with pockets of fresh water or lakes.

Through this positive feedback process, the water slowly carves out larger and larger conduits over time through dissolution and by scouring, which occurs when undissolved particles are swept through the underground passageways. Karst caves are the results of years of this gradual dissolution. The unique and beautiful limestone formations in these caves develop when the water releases CO2 into the cave's atmosphere, resulting in the precipitation of CaCO3. The mere presence of limestone may not lead to karst geology (Henderson, 2004:119).

As many people hear the word glacier they immediately think about the Titanic and how it sank because it ran into a glacier. What many people do not know is the history of glaciers. There are a couple different types of glaciers, for instance the type that the titanic ran into is a Tidewater glacier, which is a glacier that flows in the sea. There are also alpine glaciers which are glaciers that are found in the mountains, and there are Continental glaciers which are associated with the ice ages, and that covers most of the contnents at one time; including Indiana. Glacier ice is the largest amount of fresh water in the world only second to the oceans as the largest reservoir of water total. Glaciers are found on every

Archaeology; some of the most important archaeological discoveries have been made in karst areas around the globe, the reason for this being that the caves provide excellent protection for items of archaeological significance that may otherwise have been lost, tools, cave paintings and many other items of cultural importance.

On the day of my arrival I had the pleasure of experiencing a dark path being well lit with over 400 carved pumpkins along what was pleasantly titled the Great Pumpkin Walk. As I ventured along I could see multiple paths that led to deeper parts of the cavern. Many of these paths were blocked off for what I am assuming were safety reasons. After walking what seemed to be a half mile I arrived at the tour barge. Loaded with 8 passengers our tour guide, Steve, took us deep into the cave and explained its history while showing us fascinating things. I witnessed my first close up experience with cave bats, got to see permanent

The two towns are packed with scenic beauty like caves, lakes, waterfalls, forts and much more!