Analysis of Variables and Case Studies
In assessing the impact of labor market policies on immigrant integration, this study will utilize Germany and Sweden as case studies. The study will explore the different immigration and labor policies in each country over the period between 1998 to present, to determine the differences and similarities in their policies and the outcome of integration of the immigrant communities.
Measured against 28 countries based on immigration and integration factors such as family reunion, labor market access, long-term residency, political participation, and access to nationality and anti-discrimination, Sweden has consistently ranked first on the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX), a standardized, European
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With regard to labor market access in the same period, Sweden’s implementation of active labor policies guaranteed a larger number of immigrants access to work in both the public and private sector or to become self-employed for migrants with a permit for at least one year. As part of the active labor market policy initiative, the Swedish government introduced a program for training unemployed immigrants on the Swedish language and offered vocational training for employment readiness. As a result, Sweden’s labor market access index is 100 percent measured on the MIPEX scale (Niessen & Huddleston, …show more content…
The law gives immigrants the same rights as Swedes to ensure that there are no labor market discrepancies between Swedes, EU-immigrants and non-EU immigrants. Under this law, for example, the government has enabled everyone including working immigrants to access education grants as well as childcare where both parents are working. Recent assessments indicate that new immigrants are benefiting the most from the labor market policies introduced by the 2009 Act including the creation of new start or entry-level jobs, workplace induction initiatives, as well as step-in part time jobs that allow immigrants to work while studying Swedish language courses. As a result, Sweden scores 100 percent on the 2011 MIPEX scale for all labor related variables including eligibility, labor market integration measures, security of employment, and associated economic and social rights (Niessen & Huddleston, 2011).
Prior to the introduction of the Labor Market Introduction Act in 2009, statistics indicates that immigrants, especially non-EU refugees and women had the most difficult time finding meaningful work in Sweden. These at-risk labor groups did not necessarily benefit from government support, given that benefits are paid to household and are shared among
Immigration issues have been a problem throughout history. This Society holds different perceptions on the topic. Some people favor the flow of immigrants while others oppose it. Immigration is a social problem that must constantly be reviewed due to the complexity of the problems. In this situation, different factors such as the quality of life for immigrants, how they impact the economy, how the implementation of policies would benefit them, have to be taken into consideration. Immigration policies affect all aspects of today’s society. The key figures in the immigration issue are immigrants, documented/undocumented, political figures.
Most immigrants usually fill essential service jobs in the economy, which are vacant. Unfortunately, like new immigrants throughout U.S. history, “they experience conditions that are
This is due to its relatively homogeneous population of 5.4 million, a strong sense of national identity, and the fact that, until recently, immigration flows were moderate. Most immigrants in Denmark came from other Nordic or Western countries, and the country experienced more emigration than immigration. The problems the Danish welfare state faces in terms of integrating immigrants are rooted in two interconnected phenomena. One is that the government and the public believe the continued success of Denmark depends on cultural homogeneity. The second is that policies of entry and integration have been inadequately geared to distinguishing between different "categories" of immigrants (e.g. economic migrants versus refugees, male versus female immigrants, Muslim versus non-Muslim), and have also been unprepared for the increase in the number of refugees and family dependents. However, since politicians and the public are beginning to realize that Denmark will need more immigrants in order to cope with the an ageing population and to ensure a sufficient supply of skilled as well as unskilled workers to a booming economy, there are a number of concrete changes in immigration policies. They include automatic citizenship for children born and raised in Denmark, regardless of their parents’ citizenship; equal welfare rights for immigrants and Danes; vast reductions in application fees and cash securities; expanded work benefits
In a more liberal and democratic country, the immigration issue is greater with ‘unwanted migrations’. For example,
Immigrants are hard workers; however, the Americans are viewing the immigrants as lazy and as a burden to The United States when in actuality, research shows that, some immigrants come to The United States legally although they may not have papers to work legally when they first arrive. For many immigrants the process to get legal documentation to work is a long, tedious, and expensive process. Even though this issue is very common, many immigrants are positive and productive contributors in society. On the other hand, there are immigrants who are roaming around the streets, and looking for places to sleep on the roads. As an immigrant in any country, these things can happen to anyone, due to the fact that some immigrants do not know anyone as they migrate to a foreign land. Many immigrants are struggling and are facing many problems that come along their way as they try to become stable and achieve their goals in The United States. In an article written by Octavio Blanco titled “Immigrant workers are most likely to have these jobs,” he states, “That is especially the case in America’s beauty business, where immigrants made up 63% of those that provide services as manicurists and Pedicurists, makeup artists, shampooers and skin care specialists. Slightly more than half of these workers (51%) were
Immigration has been an essential but disruptive aspect of the people and the political state of the United States; however, debates related to immigration and its benefits are intensified significantly. Opposing immigration keeps ranting on how government should exercise better law to control over the people entering into the States from the foreign land. One of the most buzzed argument is that American citizen is unemployed because immigrants stole their jobs and disrupted the economy (Hoban, 2017). Also, an appeal to National security and vulnerability after several terrorist attacks all over the world and also to the government to keep track and maintain the no. of immigrants to create a safer environment (Cafaro, 2009). However, the contrary to these arguments have often been proven right. The pattern of the immigration shows that the contribution of the immigrants has resulted in an economic boost that cannot be overlooked by the government.
The global mobility of human resources between countries is a key driving force of the currently ongoing economic and regional development all over the world. It is indisputable that the immigration of international labour force would exert many positive and important impacts on the economic, cultural and social structure of both migrant-receiving and migrant-sending countries. Actually, the trend of temporary and permanent immigrants increasing in some western countries began to gain momentum in recent years. Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD 2004) reports indicated that there were more than 1 million new immigrants in the United States in 2001 and 2002, increased by 25% from 2000; in some European countries
This article provides detailed information that give statistics based on distinguishing immigrant classes: “Tables 2 (for males) and 3 (for females) present descriptive statistics by broad immigrant class across the three cycles of the survey. … For both genders, it is clear that skilled worker principal applicants have higher educational attainment, and it is also apparent that males have higher averages than females”. This article is distinct from the other two articles by the fact that many more statistics are offered. These extra statistics offer more insight into the descriptions of the economical immigrant policies. Moreover, the article offers an insight into a range of policy proposals in determining how immigrants can immigrate into Canada. The articles introduction mentions important policies that the Canadian government put into place: Recent examples include the Ontario Expert Roundtable on Immigration (2012) and the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada. The paper presents a basic description of differences in labour market outcomes, including both earnings and employments. This is an important statement as it informs the reader about the various types of concepts, along with their sources, that have
Immigrants are a growing part of the labor force. As the foreign-born population has grown as a share of the total population,
Despite the fact that immigrants are raising the country's economy, the government does not provide them an adequate financial support, legal and medical protection. Having arrived in the country, a potential immigrant must submit the documents to the immigration office for reviewing his or her case. Depending on the category of a visa, the person will receive a work permission approximately in 6 months. Before this time, the alien is not allowed to apply for a driver's license, insurance, work, school, and cannot leave the country. Compere to Sweden, where the government pays pension while the alien’s documentations are in the process, the U.S. does not support foreign people until the work permission is approved. It is very difficult to live without even a possibility of income during a long time. In general, a whole documentation process can take from one to five years, or even more. For people, who do not speak English, their new life in America seems like a prison. After receiving a green-card, a person has right to apply for the U.S. Passport, not earlier than in another five years. Brave people, who went through a long documentation process, today establishing their own companies for the benefits of their families, and their
Over the past two decades the number of low-skilled workers in the United States has increased because of immigration, both legal and illegal. (Chiswick, 2006)
As we stepped in to 21st century, humankind still faces poverty, insecurity, diseases and warfare. Often causing massive amount of migration to a safer land that offers better and secure future. Immigration brings its own challenges that is almost unique for every immigrating humankind and hosting nation. Therefore, immigrants face issues that they have never faced or even thought about. Trying to cope through unseen issues and even putting core values on the line, immigrating often have very interesting challenges.
Sweden’s political reaction is both measurable and significant in terms of the incessantly evolving political climate of Europe towards the immigration issue. Since 1989, the Swedes have been asked annually what issues they think are the most important in Sweden
Immigrants who have arrived in Switzerland from other European countries have had a positive effect on the population by creating a limited unemployment rate and creating a staggering and progressive economy. The immigrants entering Switzerland are determined to find work and to be economically stable. In fact, 2 out of 3 immigrants that arrive in Switzerland are looking for employment, according to Switzerland’s 2016 population analysis. In addition, during 2016, 66,200 immigrants poured into Switzerland looking for work. Many of these people were devastated in the 2008 Euro crisis. This increase in immigrants has decreased Switzerland’s unemployment rate. According to trading economics, Switzerland’s unemployment was at 3.1% as of July 2016, which is 5.4% below the European national
It is quite common knowledge in North America that the true bastions of liberal, social-democracy lie in the north; Scandinavia has in recent years become what neoliberals deem as an acceptable balance between socialism and western democracy. This is supplemented that, according to Forbes and several other periodicals, Scandinavian countries such as Denmark and Norway tend to rank highest in terms of overall happiness. However these seeming utopias of democracy have stark differences between themselves and North Americans; their populations are substantially lower, tax rates are far higher, and the results of unending migration from the Levant and beyond have resulted in an exponential increase in crime. This has led to a rise in support for right-wing parties among a more traditionally socialist region. As seen in articles by Dalstrom and Esaiasson as well as Hinnfors, Spehar and Bucken-Knapp, this is not a new phenomenon in Sweden; immigration has been a matter of concern for quite some time in Europe. This paper will seek to establish how the rising Swedish Democratic Party has aggregated decades of social desire within Sweden as well as a correlation between influxes in refugees, international and national crises, and rise in anti-immigrant sentiment.