Infant Mortality In Ohio

“Compared with European Americans, African American infants experience disproportionately high rates of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery and are more than twice as likely to die during their 1st year of life”(Giscombé, C. L., & Lobel, M., 2005). The infant mortality rate for African Americans is 13.7 deaths per 1000 live births, more than twice the rate (5.7) for White Americans in the U.S. (Kung, Hoyert, Xu, & Murphy, 2008). A lot of the racial disparity in infant mortality can be explained by low birthweight and preterm delivery, which are also disproportionately and often experienced by African Americans (Martin et al., 2007).

Premature birth is an important public health priority in terms of health of women and infants. Every year an estimated 15 million preterm babies are born and this number is still rising (WHO, 2015).In 2014, 1 of every 10 babies born in United States were premature and black infants were 50% more likely to be born premature than white, Hispanic and Asian/Pacific islander infants (CDC,2015). Almost 1 million children die each year due to complications of premature birth (WHO, 2015). Major survivors face lifelong disabilities like learning disabilities, hearing, visual, feeding, digestive, breathing and respiratory problems (CDC, 2015) and low birth weight (March of Dimes, 2014). A major challenge in decreasing the rate of preterm birth is

Infant mortality is of significance as it is used as a quality measure to assess the overall health status of a community (Arizona Health Matters, 2016). An indicator that can be directly linked to the rate of infant mortality is that of prenatal care as this has been identified to be the best preventative measure in regards to the prevention of infant mortality (Arizona Health Matters, 2016). Women who do not receive

For the year of 2010, there were approximately 3,610 deaths for every 1,000 births which is a total of 15 percent of all SIDS deaths in infants (Child Health USA. SIDS/SUID. 2013). In 2009, the deaths of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome were much higher for infants that are American Indian/Alaskan Native and African American infants. These deaths are twice as high than infants that are Caucasian. In total, about 38 percent of infants that died from SIDS were American Indian/Alaskan Native and African American. About 14 percent of infants that died from SIDS were Caucasian. Doctors and scientists are still wondering why the death rate is higher in this particular ethnic group, but, they believe that these infants are sleeping in the same bed as their parents and not in a crib (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020 Topics and Objectives: Maternal, Infant, and Child Health. 2013). However, SIDS related deaths have been declining since 2001, but still remain moderate and stable

In 2006, the rate for Kentucky was 6.4 and in 2009 the rate was 7.1. The current infant mortality rates increased compared to 10 years ago but has decreased since its peak in 2009 (Reference).

These five factors alone accounted for "sixty-one percent of infant mortalities in Ohio from 2006 to 2010" (Ohio Department of Health). Some of these factors can be drastically reduced with increased education among women whether they are pregnant or not. The old saying "knowledge is power" becomes of upmost importance when it can save a child's life. The increase of education on smoking cessation, prenatal care, nutrition, and infant sleeping precautions during pregnancy can help to lower these rates. If mothers were better educated on these topics the rate of compliance would increase and the risks that come along with them can be decreased as suggested by The Ohio Collaborative to Prevent Infant Mortality (OCPIM). Poverty has also been shown to play a role in infant mortality.

Infant mortality is said to be an important indicator of the community’s health. It is also one of the strongest indicators of the disparities that are faced in the U.S. today. A great way to address this issue as a whole, and try to work at fixing the problem, is by educating African American women on the importance of carrying a child to

The article conveyed that low birth weight is the third driving reason for death for African American babies. These infants were destined die one month

Present data trends in infant mortality for the U.S. from the first and last available year.

The infant mortality rate stays extremely high in the US, and even more considering it is a developed country. The black population remains the ethnicity the most hit by this issue. For instance, in San Francisco, the black infant mortality comes to 16.2 deaths per 1,000 births, compared with the white rate of 2.5 (Gonzales, 2013).

Sudden infant death syndrome is terrifying for any parent. It is comforting to know that these deaths may not just be “sudden” or random, like a thief in the night. Researchers are working on identifying why this is happening to infants. I am hopeful that there will be treatment options soon for infants that are at risk. Nurses may be the professionals administering medications, treatments, providing education, and obtaining and interpreting lab values associated with SIDS.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) also known as infant death rate, is the death of an infant before his or her first birthday. Infant mortality is calculated, by the number of children who die under a year of age divided by the number of live births that year. Infant mortality rate is very important as it relates to the health of pregnant women, children and infants and it’s associated with maternal health, quality and access to medical care, socioeconomic conditions, and public health practices. The most important purpose of this review is to examine and understand why African American infants are disproportionately affected and the factors(Low birth weight, preterm birth weight and very low birth weight and infant mortality)

It is important to better know these maternal practices and their roles in infant mortality and whether or not these behaviors have changed over time. Knowing these behaviors is key to prevention, and should influence future investigations regarding infant mortality. In addition, mothers may be able to improve these behaviors which are known to decrease the risk of infant mortality due to lower respiratory tract infections (Singleton et al., 2009). Knowing the disparities that exist in maternal behaviors can help direct the focus of future studies to determine why these disparities exist. Determination of risk factors, such as maternal marital status or live birth order, should lead to more focus in infant mortality prevention measures during

McKenzie and Pinger define infant mortality as death prior to 1 year of age. It is expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births. Leading causes of infant mortality are: congenital malformation, preterm/low birth weight, complications during pregnancy and accidents. In the last 100 years there have been decreases in infant mortality due to economic growth, sanitation improvement, developed medical care and enhanced nutrition. (McKenzie & Pinger, 2017).

8oz. and were thus considered low birth weight births. Preterm births increased from 9.4% in 1984 to 11% in 1993(as cited in MCN, 1998). African Americans had low birth weights that more than doubled those of whites and very low birth weights were three times higher. Many of the low birth weight births resulted in death. According to the National Vital Statistics Report, the figures for the United States from 1998 are as follows: