Information: Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is a metabolic disease where a person has high blood glucose due to either the body's cells do not properly respond to insulin, the insulin production is not adequate, or even at times both. People who have this will often have polyuria which is urinating frequently, as well as be more hungry and thirsty. There are three different types of diabetes. There is Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes.

Grossman and Porth (2014) define Diabetes Insipidus (DI) as a disease “caused by a deficiency of or a decreased response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)” (p. 1032). Polyuria puts the DI in diuresis, which means that excessive micturition accompanies DI. According to Bichet (2013a), polyuria is “a urine output exceeding 3 L/day in adults and 2 L/m2 in children. It must be differentiated from the more common complaints of frequency or nocturia, which are not associated with an increase in the total urine output” (Definition section, para. 1). In order to conclude a final diagnosis of DI, one must understand every aspect of the disease. This will include the pathophysiology of the phenomenon, its incidence and impact

1. Annotated Bibliography Entry: Diabetes Education: Art, Science and Evidence (1). (2012). Hoboken, GB: Wiley-Blackwell.

Diabetes Data for Bexar County: According to the 2014 City of San Antonio Diabetes Fact Sheet, The percentage of adults with diabetes in Bexar county has been on the increase in the last few years. In 2012, 11.4% of the population in Bexar county had been diagnosed with diabetes; in 2013, number of diagnosed residents increased to 12.7%, and in 2014, it had increased to14.2%. Diabetes prevalence did not differ significantly between adult males (13%) and females (15%). Percentage of adults with diabetes by age was 1% for adults 18-29 years; 6% for adults age 30-44 years; 22% for people age 45-64 years and 33% for people age 65 years and older. In 2014, percentage of adults with diabetes by ethnicity was: Hispanics 15%; non-Hispanic

Iodine agents administered intravascularly may lead to renal failure. Ace inhibitors can decrease glucose levels and dose adjustments should be made during the administration of this medication. Adverse reactions include nutritional disorders, lactic acidosis, taste disorders, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and liver disorders. The implications metformin has on physical therapy treatment include the risk of lactic acidosis. Signs and symptoms that should be monitored for during physical therapy are muscular cramping along with gastrointestinal pain, shortness of breath, hypothermia, and coma.

Diabetes remains the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. The cost of care for diabetics and new cases of diagnosed diabetes patient’s rise more and more each year. In 2010 234’051 death certificates were issued with the mention of diabetes as a contributing factor to the death. About 60% of lower limb amputations were performed. The cost of care for diabetics is now at an astronomical high of $176 billion dollars. A change a most be made to prevent all of this loss. (American Diabetes Association, 2014)

What is diabetes mellitus, and what action can I take to manage my Diabetes? Diabetes is a disease that affects the body systems that include; nervous system, integumentary system, genitourinary system, cardiovascular system, circulatory system, and endocrine system. In the Chinese traditions they see diabetes as having a yin deficiency or having an excessive amount of yang that is causing disharmony between the elements that provide nourishment to you spleen and pancreas. The medical and nutritional approach interconnects when investigating the individual cause of the increase susceptibility to diabetes mellitus.

Chronic elevated glucose in blood (hyperglycemia) with disturbances metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate resulting from disorder in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. (1) Expected to increase diabetic patients by 2025 to approximately 300 million people in the worldwide (2) In ancient times it was difficult to identify diabetes as the ability of patients to heal weak, the researchers think the diabetes resulting from defect in the bladder and kidneys are the cause of diabetes. (6)

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a PPAR agonist, act as insulin sensitizers and reduce hepatic glucose output, reduce inflammatory cytokines, increase adiponectin levels, and maintain beta cell integrity and function. Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and troglitazone are currently available TZD. Due to its harmful effect on cardiovascular system, its role in the management of T2DM is in danger. Based on the safety profile, several markets have withdrawn rosiglitazone in compare to pioglitazone, which has shown a beneficial cardiovascular profile [22]. Mainly, combination therapy with insulin and TZD causes heart failure. TZD has also been associated with bone fracture and bladder cancer in a several clinical trials [36].

Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the release or response to the pituitary hormone vasopressin is not able to operate correctly. This results in large amounts of urine and it’s accompanied by dehydration and excessive thirst. Diabetes mellitus is a long lasting condition where the body does not make enough insulin to respond to the blood sugar levels that are taking place. This results in an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine. It is the most common of the two. Diabetes insipidus is a kidney disorder, does not cause a rise in blood sugar levels, and does not release glucose in the urine. While diabetes mellitus is a pancreatic disorder, causes a rise in blood sugar levels, and releases

Diabetes is a disease where your blood glucose (sugar) levels are above normal. It results from the inability of the glucose to get into your cells. As a result your cells are starving for their food (glucose). It would be like a starving person surrounded by tables of wonderful food but their mouth has been sewn closed and they can't eat.

I will be implementing role modeling to Objectives 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. In all of these objectives, learners will be able to model the facilitator’s interpersonal skills and learn to communicate with peers about the topic.

``Fast Facts : Diabetes Mellitus`` is an eBook topic that is related to the diabetes disease. This book provides many useful information about the treatment methods and clinical manifestations for diabetes patients. The book includes the latest researches on pathogenesis, genetics, and environmental causes of the disease. The book clearly messages the patients about the impact of diabetes on their health. The outer illustrates the effects of weight loss, dietary management, and physical activity on a diabetes and prediabetes person. Furthermore, there are suggested helpful strategies and disciplines in this book that can improve the clinical cares and quality of care of all healthcare professionals. The book is very useful for my research paper

Some of the most common signs and symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. These symptoms cause a ripple effect and one causes another to happen. Polyuria is excessive urination that is very common in diabetes. This happens when excess sugar builds up in the blood, during which the kidneys work harder to filter and absorb the extra sugar that cannot be reabsorbed. This excess sugar is excreted in the urine along with large losses of water. This is also known as osmotic diuresis. This causes frequent urination and also can cause dehydration (Mayo Clinic, 2010). The dehydration then causes polydipsia, also known as excessive thirst. This is also caused by the increased level of blood glucose. This again, is caused when water is pulled from the cells and also from the large loss of water. When you lose sugar with polyuria you also lose calories which cause polyphagia. The body tents to hold on to the sugar and prevent it from reaching the cells which makes the body use fat stores and cellular protein for energy. This then leads to excessive hunger (Mayo Clinic, 2010).

Chronic illnesses affect many people, young and old; according to CDC data half of all Americans have had a chronic illness in their lifetime. Chronic illness is defined as any disorder that persists over a long period and affects physical, emotional, intellectual, social,