Information and Communication Technology (Ict) and Banking Industry

The change and advancement in technology are a significant factor in the banking business. Technology has led to tremendous improvements in this industry. Since the commencement of this millennium, people have shown great love for their mobile phones (Ozaki 1992). It necessitated the invention of mobile applications (APPs). From the introduction of the mobile banking, APP people rarely go to the banks. All their transactions get done simply by the stroke of a finger. Businesses face a challenge of adapting to changes in the technology sector. Mobile banking either through actual investing or any other means is on the rise.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO.

Technology 's impact on society has changed in many areas of our lives. Technology has changed travel, you can now book your own plane ticket without going to a traveler’s agency, schooling you can take classes online, and have access to doctors and medicine without having to leave your home. I chose to write about the topic of banking. With the help of technology banks are able to reach out to more customers and provide better services to them. How has technology affected the world of banking? What choices do we have when it comes to our banking needs?

Technological advancement has had a gigantic effect in the banking industry. Over the past few decades, the financial services industry has changed considerably with banking transforming from the pen and paper method to the computers and internet method. The pen and paper method took weeks or even months for the transaction to be eventually completed, and then the dramatic introduction of the computer and internet method which changed that time frame to only a matter of seconds to be completed, which reduced the amount of time and labor needed to complete a transaction significantly. Banking is considered one of the most important economic sectors with it being severely influential and responsive to any little change, whether it is domestic or international. Some extreme changes that were brought about by the development of this new technology turned into a globalized nature for the financial services industry. One stroke of a key on a computer could and would change a person 's life extensively or even have a global impact. The new technologies that were created and introduced changed how the consumers managed their money from that time on. Technology has helped to protect peoples’ hard earned money and make it much more impossible for people to be able to write out bad checks or even holding up a bank. The advancement in technology however, also came with some security risks as most things do, that could affect the money that people trusted with the bank and

o Technology: In a technology driven world, it is important that banks in the industry ‘move with the time’. With respect to the big four, these banks have now introduced internet and cell phone banking as well as banking from the ATM; making the industry highly competitive. This technology aims to make banking for the client simple and accessible from anywhere. This new technology is aimed, once again, at the medium to high-income earning clients, who have access to these technologies.

The use, acceptance, adoption and application of internet technology to businesses to boast their performances are not something new. Saffu et al., (2008), states that there has been a significant increase in the use and application of e-commerce in businesses in the past decade. E-commerce has benefits such as reduction in costs, increased business opportunities, reduced lead time and providing more personalized service to the customers (Turban et al., 2008). Internet banking or e-banking is one of the many tools of e-commerce adopted by the banking industry. Tools of information technology such as internet banking have significantly improved the quality of services offered by the banking

It is against this background, that besides the introduction other parts of the paper are structured as follows. Next to the introduction, the paper takes a look at the structure and development of the Nigerian financial system before explaining the role of the financial system in the Nigerian economy. Next to this is the section that addresses the history of banking reforms in Nigeria and the nature of the reforms. The last part concludes the paper after a critical look at development implications of banking sector reforms.

With the rapid improvements in electronic technology and faster communication technology, the society has become more sophisticated than in the olden days. The workforce is better educated, better informed, better organized and better paid than existed in the olden days. Consequently, the long term-trend is for the customers who will be more aware of the value of the funds, time and convenience. This has led to a demand for more efficient banking system with efficient payment methods. The situation has resulted in more competition among the banks and stimulated more technological developments. Hence, there is a continuous increase in the use of electronic technology to meet the ever increasing competition in banking which is transforming brick and mortar banking (banking at a fixed branch premises) to electronic banking. The delivery of bank’s services to a customer at his office or home by using electronic technology can be termed as electronic banking. The quality, range and price of these electronic services decide a bank’s competitive position in the industry (Kumar, 2000).

In the phase of increasing competition and technology, companies has to implement changes and provide customers with evolving technology to keep up with their customers. In the last decade, banking

The Nigerian banking industry is one of the most dynamic and competitive industries in the Country. The banking industry has transformed rapidly in the last ten years, shifting from transactional and customer service-oriented to an increasingly aggressive environment in which competition for revenue is top priority.

IT is additionally changing the way of associations by giving chances to roll out basic improvements in the way they work together. The innovation is evolving quickly, with figuring velocities and the quantity of transistor equivalents accessible in a given territory of a chip both multiplying more or less at regular intervals. Associations are gaining more innovation frameworks to aid in everything from assembling to the administration of data to the procurement and change of client administration. Outfitting and facilitating this registering force is the test. New instruments and creative points of view with which to look at, translate, and understand these quickly developing situations are constantly required and looked for (Beard, 1996).

In recent times the adoption of Internet banking as an ICT tool by financial institutions as a podium for carrying out their banking services has continued to rise globally from one continent to another continent. This development has resulted in the internet has becoming a major part of people’s lifestyle both young and old. Many organizations and businesses have been using the Internet to communicate and deliver their products and services to their customers including financial and banking industry has been also using the Internet to be one of their distribution channel with their customers. Institutions who the use of the internet as a delivery channel for

In investing in electronic banking, the country will need a large amount of financial resources in computer technology, obviously, the resource is in short supply in Nigeria, couple with high level of poverty. For an efficient functioning of electronic payment system, there must be availability of infrastructural facilities such as electricity and telecommunication network, however, power supply fluctuates and there is still constant failure links in networks.

The management of the private commercial banks and nationalized commercial banks might allocate a part of their yearly profit for ICT penetration in banking activities and human resources development. They may also extend those services to the rural people of Bangladesh so that the rural people can also get the benefit of technology driven banking.

Over the last few decades information technology has played an important role in Indian economy. It has affected all the industries especially the banking industry and has provided a way for the banks to differentiate their products and services. The traditional way of financial services delivered to customers called the branch based operations which had been used by the banks for more than 200 years, has been replaced by the advent of multiple technologies and application. For instance, Automated Teller Machine (ATM) displaced cashier tellers, telephone represented by call centers replaced the bank branch, the internet replaced mail, credit cards and electronic cash replaced bank transactions. The reason was the numerous key advantages that banks could gain by providing electronic banking services. In this way they had lower transactions cost, 24 hour trading, more extended business territory and also increased efficiency in daily banking process. The Banking Sector is also facing very stiff competition. In order to succeed such competition, they must offer a wide array of products with the latest technology. At present many banks and financial institutions are actively developing new electronic banking products for their customers throughout the world (Alagheband 2006) . The key players of banking industry are its customers and all the efforts made by the banks are to satisfy the desirable needs of