Intellectual Disability (ID)

Many people may say one is a retard without knowing the truth behind the actual word. Intellectual Disability, also known as Mental Retardation, is a very serious psychological disorder that few are faced with for life. Intellectual Disability is characterized by a below-average level of intelligence (a mental ability) that lacks skills necessary for daily living. An IQ is the standard way to measure the level of intelligence one may have. Roughly 95% of humans have the IQ between 70 and 130. (Meyers and DeWall, 2014). The other five percent are either absolute genius or intellectually disabled. Being intellectually disabled can be caused in many ways

An intellectual disability, like the one had by Roland Johnson and about one percent to three percent of people, is defined as “a disability that is present at birth or occurs in the developmental period (before the age of 18) and is characterized by significant sub-average intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with related limitations in 2 or more areas of adaptive functioning” (Daul). Roland Johnson, though his life was hard, did not let his “limitations” limit him.

When learning about Intellectual Disability (ID) it is important to explore the subject with people that work with students of ID. The (SPED) special education team placed together for a student in order to determine the students individual education plan (IEP). This SPED team consist of: Special Educator: Mr. Richard Franklin, General Educator: Ms. Rama Smith (Spelling, Literature), Speech Therapist: Mrs. LuDonna Martin, Principal: Mr. John Denton, Community Organizer and Retired Teacher: Mrs. Nelda Clements and I as the Special

Intellectual disability, once referred to as mental retardation, is a disability that refers to a person’s limitation in intelligence (Foreman and Arthur-Kelly,2014). The most common causes of intellectual disabilities are genetic

Arnold, S, R. C, Riches, V. C., Stancliffe, R. J. (2011). Intelligence is as intelligence does: Can additional support needs replace diversity? Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 36 (4), 254-258.

According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2017), an intellectual disability is classified as a deficit in “intellectual functioning” and “adaptive behaviors.” For a disability to be qualified as an intellectual disability it must have originated before the age of 18. Some diagnoses that fit under intellectual disability include autism, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. “Developmental disability” is the umbrella term, encompassing many other disabilities, including those that fall under the category of intellectual disability. Developmental disabilities typically impact an individual in a physical way, such as cerebral palsy or epilepsy.

The true misconception about IDD is that you can only get it at birth which is untrue, The Pecan Valley Centers for Behavioral and Developmental Healthcare defines it as, “a usually permanent condition originating sometime between birth and age 18. The person's general intellectual functioning is significantly below average (roughly an IQ of 70 or below) and his or her behavior does not meet the level of personal independence and social responsibility expected of the person's age and culture” (“What is IDD?”). This can be caused by “Nutritional deficiencies, severe lack of stimulation, chronic lead exposure, environmental toxins, and brain infections”, according to Essentials of Understanding Abnormal Behavior. With this information it is safe to say that anyone is susceptible to developing an intellectual

The disorder chosen for this presentation was Intellectual Disabilities. Once referred to as intellectual retardation, is characterized by using beneath-average intelligence or intellectual ability and a loss of abilities necessary for everyday residing. People with intellectual disabilities can and do examine new competencies, however they learn them greater slowly. There are various stages of highbrow incapacity, from moderate to profound.

schub said that individuals with a severe intellectual disability can be at increased risk for pain for several reasons such as having comorbid physical disability, medical conditions, receiving treatment for those disabilities and conditions and incurring new injuries because they are at increased risk for injury. Although self report is that gold standard for pain assessment, children with a severe intellectual disability typically unable to provide a self report pain due to their limited verbal ability. It can be also complicated in this patient population because they exhibit typical pain behavior such as grimacing but they are not really experiencing pain.

The lack of physical symptoms of intellectual disability makes the identification of individuals living with intellectual disabilities an extremely challenging task. Since the advent of the human intelligence measuring scale (Parmenter, 2011), mental health professionals have been using individualized, standardized intelligence testing: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test (Koriakin et al., 2013; Parmenter, 2011). Despite remarkable contributions to psychology and education fields in particular (Ellis, 2013; Floyd, Reynolds, Farmer, Kranzler, & Volpe, 2013; Neubauer & Opriessnig, 2014), the use of IQ tests has been sharply criticized for their lack of objectivity (Garcia, 2015; Gottfredson & Saklofske, 2009). Seemingly in response to critics, proponents of IQ testings recommend adaptive behavior be assessed along cognitive limitations to enhance the objectivity and credibility of the evaluation outcomes (Parmenter,

My past experience with individuals with IDD was unnoticed until now. Reflecting back on my education, I had several students that I started elementary school with, followed by graduating high school with me and I never took the time to intentionally get to know them. Throughout my education, I had the perspective that they were different than I was and needed more support than I did, but I never thought of them as less of an individual. I thought that they probably need more assistance in completing task and probably did not learn as fast, but I knew that they were learning valuable life skills. As I have participated in this course ,I realized that I never paid enough attention. I always thought that individuals with IDD had all they needed

An intellectual disability is as learning disability characterized by various limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior (Schug & Fradella, 2015). It includes below-average general intellectual function and a lack of the necessary skills for independent living. It has also been suggested that intellectual functions such as reasoning, problem-solving, abstract thinking, academic learning, and learning from experience are known to be an issue for individuals with an intellectual disability (Schug & Fradella, 2015). When encountering individuals who have this disability, there are various characteristics that they will display. Additionally, sometimes there may be certain crimes such as individuals are more likely to commit as a result of the disorder.

Mental Retardation (MR) is a developmental disability along with autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and learning disabilities (Petersilia, 2001). Specifically, MR is defined as significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive skills in two or more areas: self-care, social skills, home living and other fundamental issues for life functioning (Nettlebeck & Wilson, 2002; Petersilia, 2001). Such limitations should originate before age 18 and are commonly presented at birth. An IQ level below 70 is also used as a criterion for measuring intellectual functioning in individuals with MR (Nettlebeck & Wilson, 2002; Petersilia, 2001).

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, also know more commonly as ICF was originally proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for trial purposes in 1980 and was known as the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) (reference). The ICIDH aimed to provide a cohesive and consistent language tool for the classification of the consequences of disease and the implications for the individuals involved (reference). However, as times changed and more was understood about the individuality in which people cope with disabilities and the relationship that exists between the interaction of a person’s environment and their wellbeing, various revisions of the ICIDH

Mild mental retardation is a lifelong disability that limits both the intellectual function and the adaptive behavior during the period of development. It first appears in children under the age of 18 and occurs in 2.5-3% of the population. There are a number of factors that cause mental retardation and most of the causes are chromosomal, metabolic and environmental. Symptoms appear once the child is born and later in childhood, it becomes easier to specialist to identify the severity of the retardation. In addition, mental retardation can be categorized into mild, moderate, severe and profound based on the intelligent quotient. The intelligence quotient has to be at