International Relations

Although global actors can sometimes have considerable power over states, the extent of this power ultimately depends on the relative power and influence of the state in question. Large developed states, such as the US, are extremely powerful compared to most other global actors and are not often influenced by their actions. However, small and undeveloped states are not always completely powerless. To determine whether states are indeed the most powerful global actors, we must look at the relative powers of trans-national corporations (TNCs), non-government organisations (NGOs) and some of the institutions of global governance.

Abstractly, Global corporations have a key role to play in issues ranging from human rights to environmental policies. Specifically, corporations can be most effective in helping the poor by investing in local and global communities on a long-term basis rather than by acting as charities or aid agencies. However, to do so, corporations must restore the public 's trust. They must demonstrate that their presence, particularly in poorer countries and the emerging market economies, is a source of human progress. They must demonstrate that globalisation is not a zero-sum game in which the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. In this regard, those who argue against globalisation are denying 1.5 billion people, who live in absolute poverty, the means of escape. To do nothing is morally unacceptable. The world is watching the corporate sector. This is a moment of great challenge, but also of great opportunity because if corporations can demonstrate that they are agents of progress, they can remove the doubts and renew the trust that is essential for both prosperity and security.

Over time the United States has had many different presidents, each serving one or two terms in office and that same tradition still continues today. Once elected the president spends the majority of his time in the White House with his family while serving the people of his country, and when his presidency is over, he goes back to living his normal life. While in office presidents deal with more than their share of problems and conflicts of interest whether they are domestic or international. To alleviate these situations, the president with the help of his administration comes up with solutions for these problems whether they are deals, treaties, or presidential doctrines. Presidents create presidential doctrines because of the conflicts of interest that arise, relationships that exist among each other, and provide the solution to the conflict.

The study of international relations pertains to the understanding of the rules of engagement between the sovereign states. This study falls under the domain of political science and international law studies. Based on the study of international relations, an individual gets an insight into the foreign policies of a government, the political dynamics that are prevalent in a region and overall global events awareness. It also enables understanding the entities of intergovernmental organizations. Understanding of the international relations also pertains to comprehending the level of declared and vested interests possessed by different states in the course of interaction with other nations. Study of international relationship also pertains to finding amicable means towards the resolution of the problems faced through diplomatic engagement of the parties (Wilkinson 2007).

International Relations and American Foreign Policy are both strong qualities that help define America as a nation. Not only that, but a strong nation that has the reputation to not be trifled with. The concept of International Relations is so much broader than most will ever know and be aware of. It is such a vast field that almost anything can fall under it. However, there are four main qualities of our foreign policy and international relations that define the process, and that is statesmanship, military and war, international economic policy, and cultural exchange. These four are the core parts of International Relations and America’s Foreign Policy.

An increase in technology as well as rising globalization has brought the world closer together in a way, and this has created a need for states to become more interdependent of one another. For example, an economic decline in China could have negative impact on the economy of North American countries. In the same way, a communist revolution in one country could result in communist revolutions in neighboring countries as well. The point is that since countries are now so closely connected to one another, international organizations are needed in order to maintain rules and

The United States has a complicated history with countries in the MENA region; the United States has great allies in the region, such as Jordan,Saudi Arabia, and Israel, however, there are also other countries that the United States has had mediocre relationships with such as Iraq. Due to the fact that there are multiple countries in the Middle Eastern region each with different relations to the United States, this essay will be focusing on the foreign policy and relations between Iraq and the United States from the start of the Gulf War to the Obama Administration. Although the United States has been in conflict with Iraq for the past few decades, the tables have turned and the U.S. is now aiding Iraq by fighting a common enemy: ISIS.

For the extra credit assignment that will be applied to the final, the topic I chose to write about was opinion number four which is: State Profile and Bilateral Relations. Expanding from the second project presentation, the “state” I chose to give my presentation on was Palestine. Palestine is located in the Middle East in the country of Asia and their territory is considered to be only the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The capital of Palestine is Jerusalem, and the type of people who predominately reside in occupied Palestinian land are those of the Arab descent. According to research, there are approximately 11,000,000 people all over the world, who consider themselves to be Palestinian, which is constituted as 49% of all the people in the world. But, only 16.5% of Palestinians live in Palestinian occupied land. Research also shows that majority of the Palestinians are Muslims, but they are citizens of Israel and many of the Palestinians are widely known to be Christians or Jewish as well. The official language of Palestine is ancient language of Arabic, which in my opinion is a cool language because you don’t read that language from left to right like many other languages, with Arabic, you read it from right to left.

Although some international organisations, even the UN, may not be recognised as ‘world government’, which eliminates international anarchy, a number of studies suggest the positive dimensions of international organisations in terms of preventing or resolving conflicts between member states effectively. Russett, John, Oneal and Davis (1998) argue that the majority of international organisations carry out functions of “government”

Of the six principles of political realism, I believe that principle four connects mainly to the

IGOs are voluntary associations of sovereign states established to pursue many objectives for which states want to cooperate through sort of formal structure and to which states are unable to realize by themselves (Miller, 1994). There are hundreds of IGOs in today's world which are significant in their respective fields. They are created by treaties and negotiations which mainly reflect preferences of stronger states. Especially stronger states create IGOs because they need them to protect their interests. By and large, decisions made by IGOs are the product of negotiations among the governmental representatives assigned to them. In general, it is not idealism, but the need of states which tend them to cooperate with other states in the context of IGOs. Therefore, they are part of the Westphalia state system in which IGOs are instruments of nation-states (Miller, 1994: 67). Regarding to the function and the purpose of IGOs, the influence of state as an actor in international relation still remains strong but in a different way, IGOs replace the original ideas of individual states but to identify states which have the same normative behavior and same ambitions to form a cooperate with each other so as to achieve the same goal. Even said so, powerful states are less constrained by the principle of IGOs than those who are relatively weak (Ataman, 2000: 152-167). This suggests that state is the key element in

U.S. involvement in Africa in general, Ghana in particular, has shown ebbs and flows according to a broad range of factors including, most notably, political stability, economic growth and safety measures. Probably, Obama 's much-hyped visit to Ghana in 2009 is an indication of U.S.-Africa 's dynamic relation that has historically been centered on aid. Ghana, a West African country, has witnessed a steady economic growth over recent years, and by virtue of her political stability achieved via fair and free elections, has managed to be home for a growing number of U.S. businesses. Departing from an aid-centered model of U.S.-Africa relations, Ghana is redefining her educational, economic and social relationships with U.S. True, U.S. remains a source of significant aid to Ghana. However, U.S. aid investments in Ghana are helping convert Ghana into an economy of increasing growing force not only regionally but also in the whole African continent. To better understand U.S.-Ghana relations, more specifically U.S. growing influence in Ghana, in areas of education, agriculture and immigration, the present brief offers an overview of U.S. influence on Ghana.

The theories of international relations are the end results of good international relations and system in the world today, most of this theories are not well implemented in most countries which has resulted on conflicts among nations, political instabilities, secessions and all other political unrest.

International relations can be described as the particular study of the relationships that exist among various countries of the world (Tight 2005, 9). In this process, it focuses on the specific roles conducted by sovereign states, non-governmental organizations, multinational companies, internationally recognized non-governmental organisations as well as various inter-governmental organisations and groups.

First and foremost, this essay will look into the need for international institutions in global governance. As aforementioned before, there is an imbalance of power between developed and developing nations, and even more so with countries that are so influential that they are dubbed the ‘superpowers’. In order to ensure there is no abuse of power, international institutes put forth guidelines and rules for superpowers to follow as even the United States—as the unchallenged superpower—cannot afford the costs of arm-twisting other nations (Keohane 1998, p. 82). Other than being an institution for international rule-making, ideally, it also provides a forum for the voice of developing countries to be heard. The increase of postcolonial nations had helped turn the General Assembly in United Nations Security Council into a forum for the North-South conflict in the 1960s, and it had ensured that the resolutions to the assembly would be viewed as hostile and detrimental to their interests and values