There are many elements that occur naturally on earth that can be put to good use to help with everyday life. Some of these elements, however, can cause harm if proper control is not taken when working with the element. Hydrogen is one such element that can be beneficial if used correctly and catastrophic if not. To better understand incidents involving hydrogen, one needs to be familiar with the element. According to Web elements, hydrogen is the lightest material on earth and makes up 90 percent of the universe. (Webelements, 2016.). Hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas, which makes it undetectable to the human eye and nose. Some uses include clean fuel, ammonia for chemicals, and protection of fragile items to name a few. Hydrogen is most commonly found in water on earth. In April of 2010, Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company, a petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington had an incident that involving hydrogen (U.S. Chemical Safety and Investigative Board, 2014). During their process, the company runs Catalytic Reformer / Naphtha Hydrotreater units for petroleum refining. Tesoro uses a 6600-E heat exchanger for this process. According to the report from the U.S. Chemical Safety and Investigative Board, the heat exchanger ruptured. High Temperature Hydrogen Attack or HTHA is a process that hydrogen that is heated to a high temperature dissolves or dissociates within steel. These types of accidents are common in steel manufacturing and petroleum
This can make these elements every dangerous because some are toxic to humans and animal if they inhale them. It is hard to detect when these elements are in the air around you in dangerous amounts without proper equipment. Due to their state of being, and the fact that some are toxic they need to be handled properly by a professional to insure that no harm comes to those in the surrounding environment. The fact that all of the elements in the Noble Gases group are gases make them unique because other elemental groups have an array of different states of matter in their element groups.
Experiments 2-1 and 2-2 study the production of hydrogen gas by different chemical reactions. By using a hydrogen gas collection apparatus and the principles of chemistry, we were able to evaluate the data and reach our goal. Experiment 2-1 uses zinc, magnesium and aluminum and how much hydrogen gas they produce to predict the volume of hydrogen gas produced for different masses of each metal. In this experiment we see that each metal has an increasing amount of hydrogen gas as mass goes up, however each metal had different amount of hydrogen gas for the same mass. Zinc produced the least amount of hydrogen gas, then increasing with magnesium, and aluminum produced the highest amount. The
Hydrogen gas is only slightly soluble in water. It is not poisonous. Hydrogen has three isotopes called protium, deuterium, and tritium. Tritium is radioactive and has been uses in the hydrogen bomb. In the laboratory, hydrogen can be produced by the electrolysis of water. Hydrogen combines directly with several of the most active elements, but most hydrogen compounds are made by indirect methods. Mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen explode violently when ignited by a spark. When there is air or oxygen with hydrogen’s presence, hydrogen burns with a hot flame and forms water. Chlorine burns in hydrogen and forms a colorless gas called HCl. Ammonia, whose symbol is NH3, is made by combining hydrogen and nitrogen. Other hydrogen compounds prepared indirectly include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and ethyl alcohol (C2H2OH). Hydrogen also combines directly with a variety of compounds. In the presence of a catalyst at high temperature and pressure, hydrogen combines with carbon monoxide to form methanol or wood alcohol (CH3OH). Hydrogen also unites with liquid fats to form solid fats through a process called hydrogenation. Many hydrogen compounds, such as ammonia, ethyl alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide, have extensive industrial uses. Hydrogen is also a good reducing agent and is used to recover some metals from their compounds. Hydrogen’s ability to produce heat when united with oxygen makes it a good fuel or fuel enhancer. They Hydrogen Fuel cell is
Though the hydrogen is found abundantly in the nature but due to some of its properties has made difficulties to handle it for the industrial use. Due to it lightest it is stored under pressure as a liquid hydrogen. It has a fast burning rate as compared to the other fuels so any hot spots or sources of ignition should be avoided. May 6, 1937 Hindenburg tragedy, report from the intelligence suggested a static friction between the metal (duralumin) and the fabric was the cause of the tragedy. This means hydrogen needs to handle very carefully.
A lot has been written about hydrogen and human being’s emergence into a “hydrogen economy”. There are many studies published and numerous advances in the related technologies. As a matter of fact the November 13th edition of the journal, Science,
The purpose of this lab was to observe and reserve the emission spectra of various elements in which hydrogen was the element that was emphasized on. More specifically, the frequency, initial energy level, and change in energy of the element hydrogen was determined by the wavelength of the light in the hydrogen atom.
With proper handling, hydrogen is as safe as any other fuels such as gasoline, diesel or natural gas – and in some instances even safer. For decades, codes and standard of handling hydrogen have been implemented and safe system designs have been developed. Now hydrogen is produced, shipped, distributed and used safely worldwide for the use in everything from welding to hydrogenated peanut butter. Over 50 million tonnes of hydrogen are produced annually worldwide. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, and it’s also the lightest. This means that if there is a leak in a storage tank, the hydrogen rises and diffuses quickly into non-flammable
Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element on the periodic table and in the universe. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.28 K, and it is most commonly known as a gas on Earth. Further out in the galaxy, however, hydrogen is not restricted to the forms found on Earth.
When most people think of Hydrogen they think of the Hindenburg. The Hindenburg was initially supposed to be lifted by Helium. However, because Helium was so rare and expensive at the time, Hydrogen was used instead. Hydrogen was very cheap, it could be manufactured in industrious amounts and it is lighter than Helium; Hydrogen is also the most substance to date where Helium is not flammable at all. When the Hindenburg was launched it only took it about 32 seconds for the entire ship to fall and burn completely due to the 7,000,000 cubic feet of Hydrogen being used to get off the ground. Out of the 97 passengers only 62 survived this tragic event. Welcome to Hydrogen.
Hydrogen and fuel cells are not technically renewable energy although they are everywhere and don't cause much pollution. With hydrogen, it can be used as fuel and the only emission is water. By using hydrogen there can be a large reduction in green house gases and air pollution. Plus the hydrogen can be used in the fuels cells to power electric motors or batteries for electricity. If your wondering what fuel cells is, there pretty much batteries, or what you would power an electric car with. The only thing about hydrogen is that it is hard to obtain, or it takes more energy to make it than it gives off. Hydrogen is an element on the periodic table and is in the gas family. Hydrogen’s atomic number is 1and it was discovered by a man by the name of Henry Cavendish in the year of 1766. Hydrogen has no color, taste, and smell, is slightly soluble in water and is highly explosive. Hydrogen can be found anywhere in the universe and is used as the fuel for many solar reactions. The hydrogen that is in our atmosphere has three different isotopes and they are called protium, which has one proton, then deuterium, which has one proton and one neutron. Then the third is tritium, which has one proton and two neutrons. Now if your wondering what protons and neutrons are, then you came to the right place. A proton is sub atomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom. A neutron is a sub atomic particle with a negative
Using hydrogen fuel is another way to increase power of engines. Compared to other fuels, hydrogen combustion is powerful. It can easily take off hundreds of tonnes and reach a speed of more than the sound (for examples, rocket use hydrogen combustion to take off) As the rockets use it, they reach a speed more than sound few minutes and just imagine what a speed cars will have by using hydrogen.
These mixtures can explode into a spark, heat, or even sunlight. Additionally, hydrogen also reacts with the oxides and chlorides of many metals, such as silver, copper, lead, bismuth and mercury, when hydrogen reacts with these metals it can produce free metals. Moreover, hydrogen reduces some salts to their metallic state, like nitrates, nitrites and sodium and potassium cyanide. Hydrogen also reacts with a number of elements, metals and nonmetals,these reactions will produce hydrides, like NAH, KH, H2S and PH3. Atomic hydrogen produces hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, with oxygen.
“Hydrogen produces no harmful tailpipe exhaust; the only emit warm air and water vapor. This is an extremely important factor, because the continuation and long term use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will result in a cleaner atmosphere, and overall cleaner air for all living organisms to breathe. It also states that people are able to use hydrogen as a fuel source, because hydrogen is considered an alternative fuel under the Energy Policy Act of 1992.”
Hydrogen powered cars are the flying cars that generations passed dreamed about. Even though they do not fly through the air, they are the car of the future. Hydrogen powered cars can be a complex subject, just as any new scientific incursion. This means that the field is constantly
It is no new news that Hydrogen can be used as a fuel, since it has been on rockets as they are pushed out of orbit. Now all we have to do is figure out a way to be able to use it in our everyday lives. The good thing about Hydrogen is that it can be used in internal combustion engines like the ones we use today with our gasoline-powered cars. Hydrogen has a high amount of energy in its chemical bond, liquid Hydrogen boils at –252.77 degrees Celsius, and has a density of 70.99 g/l. Because of these