Juvenile Arthritis Research Paper

Juvenile arthritis is a term used to put all the “autoimmune and inflammatory conditions” that anyone under the age of 16 has (Juvenile Arthritis). With almost 300,000 children being affected with juvenile arthritis, it’s easy to believe they all carry the same struggle and pain (Juvenile Arthritis). However, there are many different types of juvenile arthritis that children battle with. The most common forms of juvenile arthritis are juvenile lupus, Kawasaki disease, and Rheumatoid arthritis (Juvenile Arthritis).

Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is the most common type of autoimmune arthritis. RA is a progressive and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder that affects the joints symmetrically, causing a range of systemic effects. What it causes is still not well known; nevertheless, findings of new research points towards a believe that it is triggered by a defective immune system, which causes the release of inflammatory chemicals. These chemicals cause damage to cartilage and bone, usually affecting the wrists, the joints of the hand, including the knuckles, the middle joints of the fingers and feet. While this condition can affect any joints, besides, important body organs such as the eyes and the lungs can also be affected by the inflammation that occurs as a result of this chronic condition. Only in America 1.3 million of people are affected by this ailment, and 75 % of them are mainly women. Its onset usually occurs between fourth and sixth decades; however, RA can occur at any age("Diseases And

There are different types of arthritis such as gouty arthritis which causes a swelling usually in the big toe, psoriatic arthritis that often occurs along with psoriasis and reactive arthritis which usually involves the eyes, urethra and joints. Juvenile arthritis is an umbrella term used to describe any form of childhood arthritis or arthritis-related conditions which affects people under 16 years old. The most common form of childhood arthritis is juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) which is also referred to as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Individuals who suffer from JRA experience stiffness and joint inflammation that result into swelling, warmth, soreness and redness of the joints. JRA, also

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder of the joints. In JRA the joints become stiff, swollen, and inflamed causing pain and loss of movement. The cause is thought to be genetic and/or related to environmental factors which are still not understood. Because of its origin not being well understood, JRA is also called juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The body has abnormal immune responses wherein it attacks normal cells and tissues causing damage to the joints (McMahon Anne-Marie, 2011).

Still's disease is the other kind of inflammatory arthritis. It is often called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It is not a young form of rheumatoid arthritis, but it is an inflammatory arthritis of juveniles. Still's disease is a rare disease that can affect children to the age of 16, affecting the growth of the limbs so that normal length in one or both legs may not be achieved. It also can cause eye disease and even blindness. Although usually classified as an inflammatory arthritis, Still's disease may also be considered an infective arthritis because it is usually secondary to infections like leukemia, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and other diseases. Osteoarthritis of the spine is called Spondylosis. The joints degenerate and the weight of the body is supported incorrectly.

There has been multiple treatments discovered for JIA. Some of these include taking a medication, doing therapy, exercising, having an injection, or having surgery. Doctors have also found a variety of types of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. One of them is Systemic JIA, Oligoarthritis, Psoriatic arthritis is another type of JIA, Enthesitis related arthritis. Undifferentiated arthritis, Polyarticular arthritis, Rheumatoid factor plus and Rheumatoid factor negative.

Today in the United States there is an estimated 1.3 million people living and dealing with rheumatoid arthritis (Arthritis Foundation). One might ask, what exactly is rheumatoid arthritis? Well, rheumatoid arthritis, also commonly known as RA, is a form of inflammatory disease and an autoimmune disease. If the person is a minor, or below the age of six-teen, then the chronic disease can also go by the name of juvenile arthritis. The juvenile arthritis is, “Defined as chronic inflammation of the synovial joints, with unknown etiology, which starts before the age of sixteen and persists for at least six weeks” (Hink et al 1). This disease can affect anyone with a functioning immune system. Out of the 1.3 million people in the United States that have rheumatoid arthritis, 70% of that number is women (RA.com). Once again there are no certain reasons as to who receives this disease whether its children, elders, Caucasians, African Americans, etc. But once they do receive the illness, then it affects them immensely. “The disease is systemic, meaning it can occur throughout the whole body. It’s a chronic disease, so it can’t be cured” (Arthritis Foundation). The pain, stiffness and fatigue can affect the entire body. “RA occurs when your immune system, the system that protects your body from outside harm, mistakenly starts attacking healthy tissue” (RA.com). Rheumatoid arthritis is an incurable disease that is affecting

Rheumatoid Arthritis or (RA) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and connective tissue. The result is inflammation that produces permanent damage in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic syndrome that tends to be progressive and destructive as compared to Osteoarthritis or (OA), which is more of an age related disease caused by “wear and tear” of the joints. In contrast to (OA), rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by inflammation mostly of the joints, but is a general body disease.

Gradually, the joint loses its shape and alignment. Doctor’s don’t know what causes this process to start, but it could be a genetic component. Your genes don’t cause the arthritis, but they can make you more susceptible to environmental factors, such as infection with certain viruses and bacteria that may trigger the disease. If a member of your family has the disease you are more likely to get it also. Rheumatoid arthritis can range from mild to severe. In most cases it is chronic, which means it lasts a long time even a lifetime. Scientists estimate the about 1.5 million people, or about 0.6 percent of the U.S. adult population have rheumatoid arthritis, according to the National Arthritis Data Workgroup. It occurs in all races and ethnic groups. Although the disease starts in mid-life, older teenagers and young adults may also be diagnosed with the disease. About two to three times as many women as men have the disease. Rheumatoid arthritis is primarily a disease of the joints. A joint is the point where two or more bones come together which is supposed to protect your immune system, the body from infection and disease, attacks joint tissues for unknown reasons. White blood cells, travel to the synovial and cause inflammation (synovitis), which causes the warmth, redness, swelling, and pain. As rheumatoid progresses, the inflamed synovium invades and destroys the cartilage and bone

The process involves an inflammatory response of the capsule around the joints (synovium) secondary to swelling (hyperplasia) of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development of fibrous tissue (pannus) in the synovium (Gerd et al.,2014). RA is more prevalent among women than men, and usually develops in the fourth and fifth decades of life, with 80% of the total cases occurring between ages 35 and 50 (Kavanaugh and Lipsky 1996).RA reduces lifespan on average from three to twelve years. RA is associated with decreased physical function, disability, under employment, and overall diminished quality of life. (Maclean C H et al., 2000). When it occurs in children it is called Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. The incidence and prevalence of RA differs significantly over time and between continents. The prevalence in developing countries ranges between 0.1 and 0.5% (Akar et al., 2004). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory illness with prevalence of approximately 0.75% in India (Ausaf et al.,

Rheumatoid Arthritis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that attacks joints. It affects women more than men. Rheumatoid arthritis that develops in children or teenagers is called

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which your joints are very sore and ache multiple times of the day. This disease is in the autoimmune system because the immune system mistakenly attacks your own body tissue and results in these pains. It ordinarily affects the small joints of your hands and feet. The lining of these joints is attacked and causes painful swelling. It also affects other organs such as your skin, eyes, lungs, and blood vessels. If not treated correctly it is known to cause bone deformity. Rheumatoid arthritis is predominantly more common in women and generally begins around age 40.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that affects about 1.3 million people in America. It causes pain and swelling around the joints. Other rheumatoid arthritis symptoms include fatigue, tenderness and weakness in the joints. There are a number of rheumatoid arthritis treatments available. The goal of treatment is to control the condition and improve a patient's quality of life.

Children can have rheumatoid arthritis too. People under the age of 16 are diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or JRA. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of arthritis in young people. There are 3 main types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; pauciarticular, polyarticular, and systemic.

Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA) is one of the most baffling clinical condition in the childhood. The most common presenting features are fever, arthritis followed by rash and fewer have hepatosplenomegaly.(2,3).Quotidian fever is classical that spikes to more than 390 once or twice daily,typically observed in the evening. Although, quotidian fever is one of the ILAR criteria for diagnosis of s-JIA, different pattern of fever may be seen.(2). The classic pattern only seen in 37% cases, morning fever in 12% ,bidaily fever 15%, intermittent fever 27%, unremitting fever 5% , as well as not reaching to 390 . A typical pattern of fever may be observed following initiation of NSAID in this clinical condition.(4) The index case had intermittent fever in addition to have fever and rash following naproxen.