LARCH 060 Exam 1

What are the most important difference (art, science, religion) between people’s lives in large agricultural settlements such as çatal hüyük Jericho and Mesopotamia (manufactured trade) and Egypt (military)?

The hunter-gatherer society living in the Paleolithic Era transitioned and evolved to become farming people during the Neolithic Era, with different economic and social characteristics. During both ages, one similarity is that both societies developed forms of language and the generation of artistic technologies. However, they differ as the Neolithic Era founded the basis of artificial selection and the domestication of crops and animals, deviating from the basis of hunting and gathering seen in the Paleolithic Era. Historical evidence shows that there was an increase in economic and social elements during the Stone Ages, with bonds between the development of fire and innovative tools.

The blessing and curse of the Agricultural Revolution is advocated with its augmentation and dissemination. Taking the stipulative definition of “blessing” and “curse” from the original premise, one can only superimpose the layman’s terms of “negative” and “positive”. Upon examination of the two classifications within the Neolithic Period and ancient Mesopotamian civilization one can confirm the premise. Therefore, the agriculture revolution was a blessing and a curse for humanity. Human society began to emerge in the Neolithic Period or the New Stone Age. This new age began around 9,000 B.C.E. by the development of agriculture in the region surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and what is commonly referred to as “The Fertile

Around 8500 BCE, farming was discovered and the Neolithic Revolution began. This was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement. The Neolithic Revolution changes the way people lived and people's roles in society. Additionally, it caused science and technology to advance at an unprecedented rate. Though the Neolithic Revolution changes much of the human race, it never interfered with religion and the need to center society around food. The Neolithic revolution was a major turning point in history that changed the human society forever.

The Neolithic Revolution was the major change in human life caused by the beginnings of farming. This revolution changed people’s lives in several ways. It changed the way people lived because before the Neolithic Revolution they relied on hunting and gathering food. It also changed the way they settled, because of this revolution they were able to live in villages for a long time, unlike before; they had to relocate often because their food source would become scarce.  The way civilizations lived changed because of the Neolithic Revolution. A civilization is a form of culture that consists of cities, advanced technology, specialized workers, complex institutions, and record keeping. The early river valley civilizations; which developed in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus, and China, had more similarities than differences. The river valley civilizations were similar when it came to their writing systems, inventions, and geography. However, they were also different when it came to writing systems and inventions.

Egypt and Mesopotamia were two civilizations existing during the time period of 2000-1200 BCE. These civilizations were shaped by their environment, involved with trade, and faced changes in government after the 100 year drought; however, they differed in that Egypt was shaped by the Nile, traded goods for goods and changed their outlook on the pharaoh who was ruler of all; whereas, Mesopotamia was shaped by the Tigris and Euphrates, traded money for goods, and had a ruler over rulers. It is undeniable that the natural environment of ancient Mesopotamia had a profound effect on the earliest civilizations known to the world. Humankind’s ability

The Neolithic Revolution is an important part of history; it changed the Nomad’s lifestyles for good. For example, instead of Nomadic hunters and gatherers, the Nomads instead grew and harvested their own crops because of agriculture and they also domesticated wild animals. The revolution also led to the development of civilizations. A civilization is a complex culture with five traits: advanced cities, advanced technology, record keeping, specialized workers and complex institutions. The four major civilizations are a region of Mesopotamia named Sumer, Egypt, Indus Valley and China. Archaeologists and historians have identified the Traits of Civilization in the Ancient River Valleys of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus and China.

Many revolutionary aspects of the Neolithic era appeared as the Ice Age came to the end. As the Earth’s temperature increased, new lands were created that made agriculture possible. Many species became extinct as they could not adapt to the rapidly changing environment; however, new species emerged simultaneously as well. Consequently, Paleolithic humans became more desperate of finding a new source of food as they were used to hunting large mammals that existed during the Ice Age. Grouped humans who settled in a certain environment started changing nature, instead of simply using what they found there. They changed the landscapes that could be used conveniently by humans, such as terraced hillsides, irrigation ditches, and canals. Also,

Different civilizations across the globe started to form after the Neolithic Revolution. Some of these civilizations were found in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River, and China. Those civilizations managed to adapt and modify their environment to survive and thrive. These various civilizations were the beginning of today’s innovative technology, advanced trading, and to have the need for social classes.

The Neolithic Period, which includes events from 12,000 years ago, is one of the most important revolutions to occur in history. The Neolithic lifestyle was established first in the Middle East, and then later in the Yellow river basin in China, which then spread over the years into the Western Hemisphere. During this time period, the domestication of plants and animals and the development of cities was starting to become more prominent and well known to many different civilizations across many different countries. It consisted of many changes in human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of farming and settlement, which supported a larger population. As civilizations expanded, so did traditions and techniques. A major

Early agrarian civilizations such as Mesopotamia and Egypt were unique in their own sense. A universal form of writing, specification of jobs, codes of law, social classes, wealth & power, philosophy, religion, were some of the differences. Their differences and similarities had roughly the same goal, yet there are different understandings of the root causes that have become essential to understanding how, as humans, we got from early civilizations to what is in place in most of the world today.

The Neolithic Era basically introduced more of the human figures. They created images of human figures more than they did animals. In this Era, tools such as stone, vessel and woven baskets and clay were used. For sculptures they used stone and clay.

The Neolithic Revolution was a big step we humans have made in history. It was the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

The published book Experience Humanities, has briefly explain about the Neolithic Revolution. Although, it is one of the required text book for these class, it only provides very little insight information

The early human lived life by hunting, fishing and collecting wild plant, and their life was not organized. About 5000 years ago, a complex and organized way of life began in some part of the world. People live together in town, cities and others centers and started farming, industries, and also started writing, painting and other method of living. Later, there were specialize occupations emerged, complex religions took form and social diversion increased, and these changes lead to the birth of civilizations. There were many ancient civilizations in the world like, India civilization, Chinese civilization, Middle East civilization, Mesopotamian civilization, Egyptian civilization, Greek civilization, Roman civilization and others which greatly contributed to the development of the world history. Each civilization had their own way to follow culture, religions, public life, economic life, and others. Therefore, in this paper, I will describe how Indian civilization, Egyptian civilization and Greek Civilization made impacts in the way that we see today’s world and how these civilizations affected people’s life.