CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
A.O. Coaker ,C.G.Achi, M.K.C. Sridhor, C.J.Donnett(2015) studied the current institutional solid waste management in a Nigerian private institution of higher learning. Using key informant as interview and personal field observations, the waste generation rate, pattern and characterization was made. It was concluded that if all the organic waste streams from the kitchens ,canteens and animal house are utilized for the bioenergy and organic fertilizer and non-biodegradables can be sold in the secondary market and considerable amount of wealth can be recovered
R.Rajamanikam, G.Poyyamoli(2014) discussed the importance of waste stream analysis with special reference to the domestic waste to design and develop sustainable solid waste management systems in the higher education institutions(HEIs) through a study conducted at staff quarters of aim herry engineering college (PEC) . Solid waste was segregated into compostable(organic) , dry and special wastes. The results showed that the average household solid waste was 1.76 kg/day. The composition of solid waste was found . It was also found that there was a considerable portion of recyclables. Based on these findings programs and policies for improving source segregation , storage of recyclables , collection and transportation and safe disposal methods to facilitate increased recovery rate towards forming an inclusive sustainable waste
This paper will discuss what e-waste is, what is happening to the e-waste and why it is a problem. The paper will then discuss what can be done to improve the situation.
This report was contracted by Western University to reduce landfill disposal of a specific end-product on campus. As a signatory of the Council of Ontario Universities’ Formal Declaration of Commitment to Environmental Sustainability, Western University is dedicated to sustainability [1]. Through various sustainability programs, Western currently diverts approximately 50% of the total waste generated on campus from the landfill [2].
Ace Scavenger Service began its journey as a small, family owned trash hauling business in 1894. The family business was passed to Dean Buntrock in 1956. Buntrock had the foresight to begin consolidating small trash companies into one large company. He started with the merger of his firm with two other smaller firms in 1968 and created Waste Management, Inc. In 1971, Waste Management, Inc. had its initial public offering and used those proceeds, and some questionable business practices, to take over their competitors. It was a great time to be in the garbage business as throwaway items and containers began to become more and more common and the trash business was also
Nowadays, Worldwide the solid waste generation is increased and reach up to 1.3 billion tons part year and projected solid waste increase in 2025 will be 2.2 billion tones in Australia Australian Bureau of, 2013). These show the gradually increase the per capita waste generation each year. The solid waste
Waste has become a global problem. It has become very necessary to address this problem, so that energy problems can be solved. 50 million tonnes of domestic waste is produced every year, and this is a health hazard. Domestic waste is nothing but paper, kitchen waste, and plastic.
It is important to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the region of Waterloo’s methods for managing municipal waste, as over time waste will become an ever growing issue in our society. Through examining data provided by the region on their waste disposal methods and in comparison to other municipalities we will be able to conclude whether or not our waste is being efficiently managed here in Waterloo. Waste management is a common goal across all municipalities. It refers to control strategies targeted at the reduction in quantity and toxicity of wastes at different stages of disposal. It is a method for controlling wastes that cannot be completely eliminated from the environment.
The purpose of the sanitation company is to fix the habits of non-recycling habits. The research gathers proper
Unfortunately, waste management in emerging countries is known to have its deficiencies. For instance, it has inefficient methods of waste gathering, low quality of service due to small budgets, virtually no environmental protection method, immense amount of littering, dumping, and scavenging, and a lacking education about waste management of the general public (Onu, 2000).
As has been asserted in a lot of research, how to handle human waste could be a major issue. Human waste including food waste and body waste. The human body waste will be focused in this report. According to GENECO, there are 75 million m3 of human sewage have been creating every year in Bristol. The human body waste could contaminate water system and lead disease if they haven 't been treat appropriately. As Tearfund and WaterAid(2002) has pointed out, four out of ten people, 2.4 billion, are suffering from the disease caused by the issue of poor sanitation. Therefore, action on sanitation and re-think how to use the human body waste will make work more effective. In order to address the research question ‘is it possible that human body waste could be use as renewable energy ', the technology of composting human body waste will be investigated, data and case study will be analyzed in terms of energy consumption, water use and air pollution, finally, how to make human body waste as a useful substance and achieve sustainable lifestyle will be answer.
As industry has evolved, the creation and disposal of waste has become a significant issue. People generate waste simply by going through their everyday activities, and almost anything from food, clothes, and textbooks can eventually become waste. With the world rapidly moving towards urbanization and the population growing at an exponential rate, it is understandable that the amount of waste being generated daily is on the rise (Hoornweg, 2012). The shear amount of waste being generated makes it difficult to dispose of without any severe environmental consequences. Last year an estimated 1.4 billion tons of municipal solid waste was generated, an amount that
Using quantitative tools to determine the areas of concern and assist to understand where improvements can be made to stop the waste, the proposed research will provide the answers required to assist the company with cost control and help to provide the customer with desired cost savings.
Proper waste disposal reduces the impact of waste into the atmosphere by observing the proper methods of disposing. Because improper disposal of our wastes imposes cost on others, waste disposal has been a big political issue. Dirty disposal methods such as dumping are big problems nowadays. Though the easiest among any method, it creates health risks for the public. Waste disposal was not always observed and monitored properly; therefore, everyone must comply with the methods used in order to achieve environmental advantages. Achieving this awareness in proper waste disposal is important to lessen the waste we dispose improperly.
Waste management is fueled by the desire to reduce waste or recycle waste created by the production of materials. The textile production industry contributes to many various environmental issues around the world, these grievances causing various effects on human health and the quality of water and land. The textile industry produces more than 88.5 million tons of material each year and production mainly taking place in developing countries that share 58.6% of the total global textile market (Yacout, 444). Waste attributed from the textile industry is massive; landfills are pervaded with textile waste, materials that have no ability to break down naturally. With this knowledge in mind, landfills influence 46.8% on the health of humans, while incineration contributed to 28%, but impacts the wellbeing of ecosystems greatly (Yacout, 444).
Being able to address environmental issues can save the world. One of the many environmental issues that are occurring every day is waste management. Waste can be categorized by things humans have no use for (Carolan, 2017). With the world being at such a large population, waste will continue to grow. Without there being a direct and or safe form to remove waste from the planet, problems will continue to arise. Since there is a social context of being able to remove human waste, nobody ever bothers to discuss the overwhelming waste on earth. Social construction is an important approach that can be discussed to better tackling the waste problem that is overwhelming the environment.
The American people are unintentionally destroying Waste Management by reducing and recycling the amount of waste. There is a disconnection between the people and Waste Management. Even though Waste Management has more landfill capacity than others, no one wants to increase its wasteland profit. The business environment and sociocultural has changed. The changing environment and the trend analysis has supported the idea of many companies choosing the zero-waste route. This will therefore reduce revenues for Waste Management, creating an ambiguous future for the corporation.