Long And Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

For a plant cell, the nucleus, without a doubt, is the most important organelle; but in the animal cell, the most vital structure is the mitochondria.

According to Mattias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann the cell is the basic unit of life(Cell Theory- OI). Two common types of cells are the plant and animal cells. Although both kinds of cells share many similar, abundant structures, they also have varying descrepancies from cell to cell. Without a doubt, the nucleus is the most important organelle in the plant cell, even though, the lysosome is the most important structure in the animal cell.

A cell is the basic unit of life, essential to maintaining the physiology of the larger organism. In animals, certain organelles metabolize food into energy, and then uses the energy for repair, growth and reproduction. Similarly, chloroplasts in plant cells transform sunlight into energy, a process known as photosynthesis.

There are two main types of cells in the world. The simplest cells such as bacteria are known as Prokaryotic cells, and human cells are known as Eukaryotic cells. The main difference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life.

Breaking down an organism leads scientists to identify cells. A group of cells create tissues, tissues combined are organs, and organs and their functions make up systems. Basically, cells make up living organisms. There are 2 kinds of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. Within a prokaryotic, it doesn’t contain a DNA bounded nucleus; however, a eukaryotic cell does. Though the prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell, they share a cell membrane. The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins, which makes it selectively permeable. It is located outside of the cytoplasm and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Its basic function is to protect the cell from its surroundings by selecting what can enter and exit the cell.

A cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. It is like a gate in a city because it regulates who comes in and goes out of the city. A nucleus is the control center of the cell. It is like a police department because the police control how everyone and everything acts. A ribosome synthesizes proteins for the cell. A ribosome is like a factory that produces stuff for construction workers. The ER synthesizes lipid membranes and proteins and transports stuff. It is like a manufacturing plant because it makes stuff just like the ER.

1. The Nucleus – Cell Prime Minister and Info Storage  a. Large, dense, spherical organelle  b. Enclosed by double membrane (nuclear membrane)  c. Has nucleoplasm, dark sphere (nucleolus)  d. Chromatin (uncondensed chromosome) in nucleoplasm  e. Chromosomes carry genetic information that determine cell characteristic + function  f. Controls all cell activities  2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – Highway + Ribosomes – Factory Workers

The term ‘eukaryote’ encompasses most of the visible species on the planet. A eukaryotic cell is one who's genetic material and organelles are bound by membranes, as opposed to a prokaryote who’s nucleoid and organelles are not membrane bound and sit within the cell membrane in the protoplasm - this grouping is considered the most fundamental classifications of organisms.

Nucleus - The largest organelle in the cell is the nucleus. majority of the cells have a nucleus. the few types that don't are usually dead or don't live for long. The nucleus contains a sense structure called the nucleolus and is the surrounded by the nuclear envelope. it has a structure of two composed of two membranes, separated fluid. the nucleus contains majority of the cells genetic material. the chromatins consists of DNA and proteins and when the cells divides the chromotins becomes condenses into visible chromosomes. The nucleolus creates ribonucleic acid and ribosomes, which then travels out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores, to the cytoplasm where they are involved in

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They contain organelles that are membrane-bound structures that form compartments. Biochemical processes take place within each compartment.

This is what allows prokaryotes to attach to other surfaces. Cytosol is a water like fluid found in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus. The cell wall is made of polysaccharides just outside the plasma membrane and its made of cellulose. (Cundy, 2012) The plasma membrane is the outer boundary of the cell with a layer made of phospholipids. DNA is a double polymer of nucleotides that store genetic information. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid with a phosphate group of four nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The largest organelle is the nucleus. The nucleus contains DNA. The mitochondria have a double membrane and it is known for supplying energy to the cell. Ribosomes produce proteins. These ribosomes can be found in the cytosol of cells. The nucleolus is what makes ribosomes and RNA. Lysosomes have digestive enzymes. The endoplasmic reticulum is an inner membrane system that makes some proteins. (Cundy, 2012) There are two endoplasmic reticulum, one is rough and the other is smooth. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on it while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes on them. The Golgi apparatus prepares proteins to be taken out of the cell. The vacuole is storage for water and other nutrients a call may need and this is most commonly found in plant cells. The cytoskeleton shapes the cell wall and consists of protein

There are Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells. Human cheek cells are Eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells mean 'True Nucleus ' and Prokaryotic Cells mean 'Before Nucleus '. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. These organelles include the Nucleus, Nucleolus, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (dotted with Ribosome 's), Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes. These organelles play an important part in a Eukaryote cell. The Nucleus contains the Nucleolus, chromatin and chromosomes. The Nucleus is surrounded by a Nucleus Envelope and contains all the chromosomes and the genetic material needed to make proteins and needed to control the cell. The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum have Ribosome 's dotted on them where protein synthesis takes place. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum keep the protein together and transport proteins that are made at the ribosome 's. Mitochondria is where aerobic respiration takes place and where energy is produced. Golgi Apparatus is where proteins are modified and Lysosomes are small vesicles that contain digestive enzymes. All these organelles tend to be present in a Eukaryote cell. All the cell content is in the Cytoplasm. (Boyle, Senior 2002, pp. 6-17)

Whilst they are often disregarded and thought to be simple, cells within the human body are made up of many microscopic parts. Too small to be seen with the naked eye, each cell has their own unique function, (Biology, 2015). In broad terms, there are two very similar types of cell found within the human body, (Australian Government, 2015). Although the cells are alike, it is relatively easy to differentiate between the two. ‘Prokaryotic’ cells are cells that do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle, whereas, ‘Eukaryotic’ cells are cells that do contain membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells, unlike Prokaryotic cells can be either single-celled or multi-celled, (Study, 2015).

In regards to their basic structure, according to the SEER Training website, “cells consist of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm.” (Training.seer.cancer.gov, 2017) This is true for animal cells however plant cells contain a fourth part which is known as the cell wall, it is located on the outside of the cell membrane and allows the cell to keep its rigid shape. It should also be known that there are types of cells that do not contain a nucleus, these are called prokaryotic cells and generally still have the same characteristics as cells that do have a nucleus which are known as eukaryotic cells. (Study.com, 2017) As seen in Figure 1 cells also contain organelles which keep the cell alive and allow it to function effectively.The cytoplasm of the cell which resides between the cell membrane and the nucleus is a gel-like liquid filling the inside of the cell. The cytoplasm allows the cell to have shape and allows the cell 's organelles to move around the cell as needed and function correctly. The nucleus is widely considered to be the control center or

The cytoplasm is a semifluid in the plasma membrane. It is in all eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, this is where the chemical processes of the cell take place. In eukaryotic cells, this is where organelles perform their functions. Cellular respiration also takes place here. One of stages of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis is when glucose breaks down to form two pyruvates and 4 ATP. Its net result of 2 ATP is important for another process called the Krebs Cycle. This process is important because it begins cellular respiration. The cytoplasm also gives the cell its shape; without it, the cell would be “deflated” and substances would not be able to move throughout the cell. Organelles would have difficulty functioning too. It has been misunderstood that organelles float freely in the cytoplasm even