Lysosomes: A Short Story

Mitochondria are small organelles found in eukaryotic cells which respire aerobically. They are responsible for generating energy from food to ‘power the cell’. They contain their own DNA, reproducing by dividing in 2. As they closely resemble bacteria, it gave the idea that they were derived from bacteria (which were engulfed by ancestors of the eukaryotes we know today). This idea has since been confirmed from further investigations, and it is now widely accepted. (Alberts et al., 2010a)

▪ Know the functions of the various organelles, e.g., glyoxysomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, Golgi, etc.

The reason we performed this experiment was to determine the individual organelles of the flesh flies’ muscle cells that are used in the process of glycolysis and respiration. The flies were placed in the freezer where they would become inert, making it easier for us to perform the experiment. We dismembered the flies, leaving only the thoraxes, where the greatest concentration of mitochondria is located. Blending the thoraxes together then allowed us to centrifuge the homogenized substance, giving a result of the separated pellet and substrate.

First of all, the most important structure in the animal cell is the mitochondria. The mitochondria is the vital because it provides energy for the cell (Doc. 2). For example, without the mitochondria, organelles would function slowly because the cell has no energy (OI). In Document 3, it states “Breaking down the food and releasing’ energy” (Doc. 3). “The mitochondria are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell” (OI). According to Ms. Quitmeyer, the mitochondria is crucial to the animal cell, and

Each mitochondrion has a double-layered membrane like the cell membrane, however the inner layer is folder which produces ‘shelves’ which are known as cristae, this is where the end stages of glucose oxidation are located. The energy that has been released is stored until required by a ‘chemical battery’ called adenosine triphosphate.

So basically mitochondria accused us for being a dangerous killer, and sure, we can malfunction and cause a disease that can seriously mess up your life, and we know that that’s a valid reason not to vote for us, which is fine. But before you throw your vote away for the other organelles, think of it this way. We really aren’t like the other cells. They all have these really cool purposes and we’re just kind the guy who takes out their trash, which might just be the most important part of a cell because we all know what’s gonna happen if no one is there to pick up after you. We protect the cell too, and while we can mess up and give you Danon’s disease, it’s actually so rare that doctors have trouble diagnosing it because they look at your symptoms and are like ‘what the heck’ because this isn’t something their medical school taught them. Dangerous? We’re about as dangerous as an ant and of all the organelles to call us dangerous, mitochondria shouldn’t be the one talking with their cancers and aging and heart failure.

What it is: Mitochondria are a part of eukaryotic cells and it takes in nutrients from the body and breaks it down and then it eventually turns it into energy.

Proteins are manufactured according to instructions encoded in the genes in the nucleus. These genes are then transcripted into RNA from DNA in the nucleus. The RNA then leaves the nucleus and interacts with ribosomes on the ER, which now links amino acids together to form protein chains. The cell membrane is a selective barrier on the boundary of every cell. Its function is to allow the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell. The lysosomes are digestive organelles where macromolecules and other wastes are hydrolyzed by enzymes. There main function is to process the molecules taken in through the cell membrane and to recycle worn out cell parts. After ribosome synthesize proteins, the proteins are transported through the rough ER then, proteins are enclosed in a vesicle and transported to the Golgi apparatus, where processing, packaging, and transport of proteins is done. After the protein is processed, it will then bud off from the Golgi apparatus (as vesicles) and transport to where ever it is

So I, the cell membrane should be your new leader and take the title of ‘ most important organelle’ because I have protected the cell since forever and get little credit and since I know how it feels to be un appreciated for all that you do I will support the organelles who don’t get the credit they

This is the story of a cell, a young cell. This cell’s goal was to have the most powerful mitochondria of any other cell she knew. The mitochondria gave energy. She knew if she had a strong mitochondria, her being would be powerful and strong.

The cytoplasm is a semifluid in the plasma membrane. It is in all eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, this is where the chemical processes of the cell take place. In eukaryotic cells, this is where organelles perform their functions. Cellular respiration also takes place here. One of stages of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis is when glucose breaks down to form two pyruvates and 4 ATP. Its net result of 2 ATP is important for another process called the Krebs Cycle. This process is important because it begins cellular respiration. The cytoplasm also gives the cell its shape; without it, the cell would be “deflated” and substances would not be able to move throughout the cell. Organelles would have difficulty functioning too. It has been misunderstood that organelles float freely in the cytoplasm even

Mitochondrion is an importance structure that lies in the cytoplasm area. Mitochondrion is the plural word for mitochondria, which is the key organelle that converts energy from one form to another. Mitochondria changes the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. The mitochondrion contains two special membranes. The outer membrane surrounds the organelle, and the inner membrane has many folds that increase the surface area of the mitochondrion.

In order for cells and organisms to “live” they need to perform certain tasks such as produce energy through respiration, send messages, maintenance and reproduction. To enable the cell to do so, it contains within small structures called organelles, each organelle is different and carries out a specific function.

All cells in the human body require sufficient amount of energy in order to sustain life. Cells get their energy through a process called cellular respiration. In this process cells use glucose in the presence of oxygen as a fuel source to synthesize highly energetic molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is immediately consumed after its formation, so the process of cellular respiration is constantly ongoing. The starting components, glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water and energy. The process of cellular respiration can be divided into three stages: glycolysis, Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain. At the end of the process a total of 38 ATP molecules are produced. In this experiment,

Overexpression of the HEPN domain in HeLa cells following three hours of starvation indicates that sacsin plays a key role in lysosomal transport due to the reduced efficiency of perinuclear lysosomal clustering. HEPN’s property of dimerizing may be disrupting the function of with full-length sacsin by preventing endogenous sacsin from dimerizing within the cell. Thus, dimerization may be essential to sacsin’s function, particularly for binding JIP3, which is necessary for lysosomal transport7. HATPase 3 overexpression may be occupying JIP3 binding, but was not found to disrupt lysosomal localization following starvation, perhaps due to the truncated size of this deletion construct.