Force protection is a term used to describe all actions to protect and safeguard U.S. forces from adverse actions. Force protection measures can include patrolling a perimeter, hardening a building or emplacing obstacles to increase standoff. These measures require time and effort to achieve, and commanders must carefully assess their mission and area of operations to determine the appropriate allocation of resources. If considered early in mission analysis and incorporated throughout the planning process, force protection measures actually enhance combat effectiveness and productivity by safeguarding U.S. forces and ensuring that the commander has the necessary combat power available to apply at the decisive point and time in battle.
Marine Corps doctrine defines the rear area as “the area to the rear of the main battle area where logistic and administrative functions are normally the dominant activity” (MCDP
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Although kinetic fires are used to physically destroy enemy capabilities, “the greatest effect of fires is… not the amount of physical destruction, but the effect of that physical destruction on the adversary’s moral strength” (MCWP 3-43.3, 1-1). Fires play a vital role in supporting a commander’s plan to preserve his force. This is achieved by utilizing the targeting process to identify high payoff targets and utilizing fires to destroy or degrade the enemy’s capabilities, interdict their air and missile capabilities, and eroding their will to fight. Specific force protection measures can include counter battery fire and the jamming of electronic surveillance to deny the enemy information about friendly forces. By focusing fires assets on creating disproportionate results through psychological effects, a commander can increase his unit’s productivity and combat effectiveness while simultaneously safeguarding U.S.
For years if not decades, firefighters have responded to a reported structure fire that turned out to be a fully involved single room. This fire scenario requires a core set of fire tactics and skills to control and extinguished the fire, but is it this simple? Perhaps twenty years it may have been, but new dangers are lurking in every scenario and may have detrimental outcomes for unsuspecting and unaware firefighters and victims. The National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) agency along with the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) have been conducting research to understand fire behavior and fire dynamics. This research is providing firefighters with new information about how and why
From the earliest recorded history, humans have waged war upon one another. To conquer and expand their empires, military leaders have experimented with hundreds upon hundreds of tactics and theories about how to wage these wars. The United States Army has refined and crafted the science of warfare and the art of leadership, designing six ‘warfighting functions’ that interrelate with each other. These warfighting functions shape the way an United States Army Officer plans for combat. The six warfighting functions are Mission Command, Movement and Maneuver, Intelligence, Fires, Sustainment, and Protection. The use of these functions can be directly related to the success of many victories the United States has seen, not only on the War level, but also for specific battles. In researching the Siege of Yorktown, it is clear to see that these warfighting functions were key to the victory of the siege. This decisive victory legitimized the then freshly founded United States of America.
The views expressed in this student academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the United States
Operation Verbal Image is an exercise based on command and control. It used many leaders who used command and control to accomplish their assigned mission. This command and control shaped the battlefield and took the fight to the enemy. This paper will discuss, how important command and control is, what is command and control, what does command and control do, and command and control in the information age. This paper will also discuss how command and control was used, how it affected the outcome of the battle, and my personnel opinions on how command and control could have been done differently.
In the future, technology and digital systems will continue to play an important role in how the United States Army fights and wins our nation’s wars. As technology improves and becomes an increasingly integral part of every Army system, it is important that leaders maintain the ability to fight and win without these benefits. Over reliance on digital systems and unfettered information is a weakness that our enemies will exploit on future battlefields. Ukraine learned this lesson very devastatingly in the recent annexation of Crimea. In order to safeguard the trust emplaced on leaders by the American people, it is a lesson not repeated by the US
While moving forward with the message of arms reduction, the President reaffirms the commitment of the United States to stay firm toward a vigilant defense by outlining some of the deterrence’s. Ground and Spaced-based systems are to be put in place to protect against the threat of nuclear missiles. He intentionally refers to these systems as defensive in nature to clarify their design and purpose as to keep these systems from potentially escalating current tensions. He goes on to mention alliances
Conventional warfare follows the single battle concept, where two or more well defined forces using weapons that target the opposing force. The contiguous battle-space is well defined with a deep, close and rear area allowing the force commander to array forces that can be visually displayed in a linear graphic. This does not hold true in an unconventional warfare, where the rear area may also be the close and deep fight and forces may target the civilian population either through direct, indirect or propaganda attacks. The will of the people play an important part in unconventional warfare and their support to either force is equally important. The Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF), the Marine Corps force in readiness is capable
. The protection of harden targets will take the collaborative afforded of federal, State, locate and tribal law enforcement. Target hardening will require ramping up personnel at location deemed vital, for example, Hoover Dam is a critical infrastructure and making attacks on the location difficult is an ideal goal. If a location is deemed essential protecting that facility is the ultimate plan, removing any unnecessary obstruction that maybe used as a hiding place, securing doors, windows, controlling entry points and exit points and elevators. When it comes to protecting the nation securing potential targets and making any plans to attack those hard target difficult. Attacks are more likely to be successful when potential hard targets are
EXECUTION. As required by the situation, the Installation Commander will direct Force Protection Conditions (FPCONs) to protect military members, civilian employees, family members, equipment, facilities and infrastructure in the event of a terrorist attack.
Before Risk Assessment can be addressed we must first briefly discuss Risk Management (RM), the framework of which is where risk assessment resides for the United States Army. The Army uses RM to ensure mission accomplishment in current as well as future operations and applies to operations and non-operational activities (Department of the Army [ATP 5-19], 2014, p. 1-1). The Army process of RM utilizes five steps as part of its holistic approach to mitigate risks, but because this paper’s focus in on the Risk Assessment of the management solutions identified last week, it will only focus on the first two steps of RM, Identify the hazard and Assess the hazard.
In the article “Know the Smells and Warning Bells of WMD”, the author, John Linstrom’s principal point is that the fire departments should better prepare to respond to incidents involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Historically, explosive or WMD incidents were handled by law enforcement, while fire assumed a support role, but with increased terroristic occurrences, firefighters have been finding themselves in situations where they have been first on scene. Mr. Linstrom stresses that firefighters need to be mindful of the threat of explosives and WMD’s when responding to incidents (Linstrom, 2004). Firefighters need to familiarize themselves with terrorist tactics and beware of potential high-risk
The Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) program differ from a normal procurement program by being a relatively available commercial off the shelf (COTS) vehicle, senior leadership involvement, and ample funding. The MRAP program acquisition methodology should not be repeated for other major defense acquisition programs. Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) became a wicked problem for the U.S. military in Iraq, especially for the ground forces. The MRAP program was a leadership driven, a partial operational solution, not a strategic solution. Accordingly, the MRAP program showcased positive and negative effects of a rapid acquisition process. Strategic leaders must allow operational and tactical leaders to define requirements. Strategic leaders should establish prioritization of
The concept of airpower and its effectiveness against the enemy’s fielded military forces is well documented in a number of literatures. In the history of American military, airpower has been considered not only as the sharpest military sword but also a highly versatile set of tools used to effectively promote national strategy. Airpower’s effectiveness in support of national strategy has significantly improved since 1945. The study of airpower exposed certain consistencies which have affected its effectiveness. The theory and practice of airpower filled the past century with frequently persuasive victories coupled with a historical documentation packed with arguable failures. It is important to note that the effectiveness of airpower, as a military operational strategy, has triggered a debate among proponents and non-proponents. Some airpower theorists have debated its effectiveness. Throughout history, the many claims about airpower’s decisiveness to independently win wars or conflicts have hindered the notional and real application of this instrument of power. This essay highlights factors which consider the scope of the strengths and limitations of airpower that has been and will continue to be effective throughout the 21st century.
…preserving the peace and security, and providing for the defense, of the United States, the Territories, Commonwealths, and possessions, and any areas occupied by the United States; supporting the national policies; implementing the national objectives; and overcoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts that imperil the peace and security of the United States. (Title 10, U.S. Code)
Rice, J. F. (2010). ADAPTATION OF PORTER'S FIVE FORCES MODEL TO RISK MANAGEMENT. Defense AR