MARS, also known as molecular absorbent recirculating system, originally was a machine designed to give patients suffering from chronic liver failure a bridge to transplant and increase their chances of survival. MARS has proven to be quite successful among this group of patients. “MARS was first approved by the FDA in 2005 for use in drug overdoses and then received an additional indication for use in hepatic encephalopathy due to decompensated chronic liver disease in 2012.” (Hannish, et al., 2017) MARS is generally used in patients with a primary hepatic failure and not liver failure due to systemic illness. However this still leaves the group of patients diagnosed with acute liver failure as a result of trauma, poisoning, or overdose. …show more content…
It has also been used on patients who have overdosed on cocaine, amphetamines, and mdma but is not widely used on patients suffering from an overdose on those specific illicit drugs. Nurses and doctors will immediately assess the patient and run labs to determine the extent of liver damage and whether they qualify for MARS therapy. These labs include, serum lactate, Creatinine, albumin, AST, ALT, INR, PTT, and ammonia levels. Patients are also placed on continuous EEG monitoring.
MARS is an albumin-based therapy whereby albumin dialysis is the process of cleansing the blood of protein-bound toxins by exposing the blood to an albumin dialysate and, thus extracting the toxins from blood protein carriers. The reason behind this phenomenon is a direct result of filtering blood with albumin bound proteins in an albumin solution. This forces the toxins to separate from the albumin in the blood and essentially cleanse the patients blood of all the poison or drug (Mcready,2009). The biological toxins that build up within the bloodstream are detrimental to the other organs and most often result in multi organ failure. Ridding the body of these toxins as quickly as possible increases a patients chances for survival.
McCready (2009) describes the purpose of MARS, as an Albumin dialysis for the treatment of liver failure. Liver failure occurs when there is a loss
The planet Mars is a red plant that is found in the Solar System in the Milky Way Galaxy one planets farther from the sun than Earth. The planet Mars has a very thin atmosphere full of primarily carbon dioxide. The surface of Mars is very dusty and rocky because of volcanoes. The geology of Mars is different from Earth in many ways including the amount of volcanoes, mountains, valleys, and internal makeup.
As the Directors at the Sharp Rees Medical Facility, we will be talking about the liver. The liver is a very important organ in the human body as it does not just perform one function but is involved in multiple tasks. Some interesting facts about the liver; it weighs under five pounds, it has a shape like a half football and everyone is born with one. Just like most other disease or disorder, if the liver has not been taken care of properly there are many negative outcomes that can affect and destroy the liver. There are many complications when the liver is abused or damage for example cancer, hemochromatosis, gallbladder or
Imagine a new planet with an atmosphere and people roaming around like it was Earth. Scientists can do that by sending just four people to Mars than adding more as the colonists on Mars make additional progress. Scientists have built technology, like a machine that could take the carbon dioxide on Mars and change it into oxygen so people could breath up there. If they are willing to never come back down to Earth let them go up. Colonizing Mars is a terrific idea so the Earth can use the ice hidden underground, the people on Earth will believe that anything is possible, and the people can live up there.
Plot: A group of space explorers are on a voyage to Mars from Earth. As they land they are bewildered to see that the planet looks just like earth 30 years in the past. Cautiously, the captain of the ship takes two men to explore, while the rest of the crew stays behind. Things only get more bizarre from here as one of the crew members discovers his grandparents live there, and they have been dead for years! Similar cases for the rest of the crew as they all break up and spend time with their respective families. However it is too good to be true when they lost family members turn out to be aliens, and kill the entire crew then destroy the shuttle.
A (assessment): Ms. O’Reilly’s vital signs are temperature of 37.5 C, pulse of 112, blood pressure of 102/52, and respirations of 24. Her respirations are still deep but have a regular rhythm. She has a CBS of 8.1 and regular insulin running as per orders. The lab work shows uncompensated metabolic acidosis with no hypoxia. Ms. O’Reilly’s neurological status has improved with a GSC of 13. Her dehydration is being treated with NS containing 40mEQ KCL/L running at 200ml/hr and potassium levels maintained at 4.
I am passionate about scientific developments and how these advancements will help shape the future, with man-made organs being a specific area of interest. Having researched the damage suffered by the liver due to alcohol abuse, I was astonished at the fact that there presently aren’t any effective treatments as a solution to this widespread problem. The need for liver transplants are greater now than ever and to meet our society’s growing demand, researchers must
The global structure of Mars is well documented through viewings by scientists. However, without actually stepping foot on the planet, all we know of it is through observation. Due to this, the issue of plate tectonics on Mars is a contested issue. While scientists are sure that the core of Mars is not active, which means no plate tectonics; they cannot be sure that there was never a time when there were.
Have you ever read a book and watched the movie of it after and had that moment when
Irrespective of the potential metabolic acidosis, Initial management of both DKA and HHS is focused on rehydration. The aim is to replace fluids in the both the intravascular and extra vascular spaces, while simultaneously diluting glucose levels (and thus lower osmolality) and counter-regulatory hormones (Raghavan, 2014) The Monash Health HHS & DKA
Oliver Sacks is a very famous doctor of neurology as well as a writer. He spent most of his adult life treating patients. Oliver Sacks mostly concentrated on disorders of the brain and nervous system. In a lot of the cases that Sacks dealt with, there was nothing he was able to do to heal the patients. His goal was to find a way to live with and accept their condition as well as possible. Sacks enjoyed dealing with cases mostly about experiences of real people struggling to live with unusual conditions. That’s where he wanted to find ways to help these patients to the best of his and medical ability out there. Throughout his cases he studied he came across patients who had different
The Martian Chronicles, by Ray Bradbury, is a science-fiction book and was written in 1946. This major work by Bradbury is a collection of short stories relating to Mars or Martians. Bradbury had a clear vision of the Mars in which these stories are set. His vision was one of a fantasy world from the Martians point of view. In this work, the humans from Earth are the aliens from outer space. Bradbury has won many awards including the O. Henry Memorial Award, the Benjamin Franklin Award, the Aviation-Space Writers Association Award, the World Fantasy Award for lifetime achievement, and the Grand Master Award from the Science Fiction Writers of America. Bradbury supported his awards
The distance from the Sun to Mars is 142 million miles! It would take about 2 1/2 years to get there. The size of Mars is 4,220 miles wide. To fill up Earth, it would take more than 6 Mars'. What surprises me the most about Mars is how large it is. It's also awesome how much bigger earth is than Mars. I'm surprised how some people become astronats. It would take about 5 years out of your life just to go somewhere you've never been before with people you might barely know. Three decades ago, we did not have the technology we have today. Todays technology has shown us that Mars is rocky, cold, and dry. I think that new technology will let us be able to go to mars. After that, we could find out more about more not just with rovers. I think it
The constant questioning of the universe around us and the unimaginable creates curiosity and anxiety within individuals who seek answers. Curiosity and anxiety are two powerful feelings individuals such as Tracy K. Smith and David Bowie, encounter on a day to day basis. Tracy K. Smith is an American poet whose writing questions the uncomfortable, the unimaginable, and the unexplainable. Smith used events throughout the world and personal events to write the book Life on Mars. The poems contained in Life on Mars are extremely influenced by David Bowie because Bowie and Smith share the same point of view of the universe.
The MARs project failed on day one. There where multiple issues raised immediately after MAR’s was released. This caused a concern for patients at the hospital due to prescription mix ups. The system became overloaded and was brought down shortly after being released.
4. What is the difference between all-unit quantity discount and incremental discount schedules? How would the costs and EOQs differ? Which would be preferable assuming that both share the same cost figures?