Metastasis causes the most deaths in cancer yet this process remains one of the most enigmatic aspects of the disease. Metastasis has a two-phase process first phase is the physical translocation of the cancer cell and the second encompasses the cancer cell to develop into a metastatic lesion. Carcinogenesis is known as the formation of cancer, were normal cells transform into cancer cells. This process is by changes at the cellular, genetic and epigenetic level. It reprograms the cell to under go uncontrolled cell division by growing a malignant mass.
Psychological stress is when people are under mental, physical or emotional pressure. People who have cancer or have just found out they have cancer can have more physical, emotional and social effects of the disease that contributes to stress in there life. When that happens they try to manage stress with bad behaviors with smoking, drinking and not seeing there life in a good way. Stress can affect a tumor's ability to grow and spread. In reasearchers the Human cancer cell that they grown in a laboratory have been found that the stress hormone norepinephrine, part of are bodies fight-or-flight response system, may have promote angiogenesis and metastasis.
Cancer has a big change in metabolism, they get a higher
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However, they difference in their actions are catecholamines have different outcomes on the heart, blood vessels, kidney, liver. Are the opposite, effects such as increasing/decreasing glucose levels or increasing/ decreasing heart rate or constricting/dilating blood vessels. Cortisol, has the most effect on blood glucose, increasing it so its available for the body to use during stressful periods. Cortisol also has other actions on white blood cells, water metabolism, and has been shown to be necessary for catecholamines to exert their full
(p133-134, text). * Define metastasis. * Development of a secondary tumor in a location distant from the primary tumor. * Accomplished via lymphatic channels and circulation. * Trace the pathways for the hematologic and lymphatic spread of metastatic cancer cells. Evidence of disseminate disease presence in lymph that drain the tumor area, tumor cells lodge first in the initial lymph node that receives drainage from the tumor site, once in this lymph node cells may die b/c of the lack of a proper environment, remain dormant for unknown reasons, or grow in a discernible mass, If they survive and grow cancer cells, may spread from more distant lymph nodes to the thoracic duct, and the gain access to the blood vasculature, cancer cells may gain access to the blood vasculature from the initial node and more distant lymph nodes by way of tumor-associated blood vessels that may infiltrate the tumor mass. Sentinel
that a person has cancer could very well put them in a depressed state. Another mental hazard
Stress affects health in a number of ways. It is defined by James (2011) as pressure or tension that comes in many shapes and forms and furthermore the body and mind in particular reacts psychologically and even emotionally.
The human body is an intricately interlinked organism. Every system of the body has a role to play in the well being of the other. The most prevalent disease of the modern age is cancer, and there has been considerable effort to determine the causes of cancer. Substantial research in this regard point to stress being one of the leading causes of cancer.
Cancer is a deadly disease that has some very serious effects on a person both physically and mentally. Cancer can result in a simple surgery that may take only a couple days, or a life-long struggle that leaves someone so fatigued and tired that it makes them want to give up. It will put fear in anyone's eyes and will devastate even the strongest of people, but cancer can bring out the courageousness in a person to fight this disease and not give up. It can be a fatal disease but it can also bring out the strength in someone which is an amazing thing. Cancer has many serious effects on a person's body and their mental health and others, but can also inspire a person to dig deep and fight this disease
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Some have argued that important information related to the way in which, and the rapidity in which, cancer cells metastases has been obtained by this study. But this has been highly debated (Standler, 1997).
“Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems (NCI, 2013).” Cancer is of many diseases. It originates from the organ in the body and/or from the part of the body that is affected, for example breast cancer. Breast cancer is mainly common among women, except for skin cancers. “Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast divide and grow without their normal control (Komen, 2014).” The
A cancer cell is formed when the cell’s DNA is damaged but not repaired. Instead of the cell dying, like a normal cell, it reproduces new cells which also have the damaged DNA that the original cell had. Factors that can cause a cell to be damaged are mistakes during the reproduction of the cell, environmental reasons, such as smoking or too much sun exposure. The cancer cells form tumors which then invade the tissue of a certain body part, like the breast, lungs, brain, or prostate. Cancer can spread sometimes from body part to body part, but is named from where it starts. For instance, if somebody were to be diagnosed with breast cancer, and developed cancer in their lungs, it would be metastatic lung cancer. Metastasis is how cancer can spread to other body
Cancer is defined by the National Cancer Institute as the title given to a group of related diseases. All types of cancer are categorized by uncontrollable growth of cells that metastasize to surrounding tissues. Cancer can develop at almost any part of the human body and anyone can develop cancer, although risk typically increases with age because most cancers tend to require many years to develop. ?Typically, human cells tend to grow and divide and ultimately form new cells as the body needs them. When an organisms cells grow old or get damaged, the cells die, and new ones replace them. However when cancer develops, this orderly process gets reformatted. As cells increasingly get more irregular, old or damaged cells begin to survive when they should die, and new cells develop in the body when there is no need for them. These abnormal cells have the ability to divide without stopping and tend to result in growths called tumors?(cancer.gov). Cancerous tumors are defined as malignant meaning that they can spread to nearby tissues or metastasize to distant places in places within the body and form new cancerous tumors. There are over 100 forms of cancer and they are usually named after the organs or tissues where the cancers originate. Staging of cancer is used when describing the severity of a person?s cancer and is based upon the following
Stress can get bad enough to where it starts to affect your body system. Things like depression, heart attacks, diseases, rashes and a low immune system can all occur to people dealing with stress bad enough. The number of common signs and symptoms is outrageous and is depressing to see that there are so many people dealing with this and how it’s such a common thing in this world. On stress.org, they talk about the different body systems and how they’re affected. The nervous, musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, gastro and reproductive systems are all affected in some way and in many ways to say the least. If your stress ever gets so bad, I consider seeing a doctor or specialist seeing how dangerous this can get.
First, we must understand what cancer is and how it forms, cancer is “a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites.”1 it is when normal cells mutate and begin to reproduce at such an accelerated rate that body does not have time to get rid of these bad cells and a mass begins to grow creating a problem for the body.
The uncontrollable spread of cancer is the principal event which leads to the death in individuals with cancer and it is the greatest barrier of developing cures for cancer. Metastasis is the progressive spread of malignant cancer cells from the primary tumour to secondary organ in distant sites and this potential is dependent on the specific microenvironment which support them to complete each step of the metastatic process (Poste & Fidler 1980). To understand the molecular basis of metastasis, investigators have now separated the complex and highly selective metastasis process into series of steps to try and solve the problems cause by
Stress has been linked to many diseases or malady conditions. Stress hormones that act on the heart, blood vessels, and lungs may contribute to heart disease, high blood pressure, and asthma (Feldman, 17). Diseases of the stomach and intestines are often associated to stress because blood leaves these organs and moves to muscles used in running and fighting. Another difficulty is the prolonging increase of blood sugar can influence the development of diabetes. Stress also appears to influence the development of cancer.
Psychological stress is a result of many factors and should be dealt with very carefully. Stress can be defined as “An excess of demand made upon the adaptive capabilities of the mind and body”.(Joseph 1). Another way of putting it, is that there are some things that put certain demands on us. The effects of stress should not be limited to unpleasant emotional states. Many studies have concluded that the effects on our physical health from stress can be extremely detrimental. These adverse physical effects include heart disease and formations of cancer. There are also some societal issues that psychological stress can hamper.