Modern Femininity And Gender Roles

In the 1970s, Hannah began using her body as a canvas for performance pieces. She called this her “performalist self-portraits,” (Smith, 1993) and they were documented by either video or by photographs. These particular performances, according to Hannah “confront erotic stereotypes by calling attention to and making ironic the conventional gestures, poses, and attributes of the female body” (Hannah Wilke Collection, 2015). In 1974, Hannah began working on S.O.S. or Starification Object Series, a fifty self-portrait installation,

An artwork that I hadn't paid much mind to in the earlier chapters was Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany by Hannah Höch (fig. 3.57). However, I encountered more of Höch's work while doing research for my creative project, and it made me want to take another look at her art. She did work with collage, or photomontage, and almost all her work has Dadaist and/or feminist themes. This specific piece focuses on political satire, and requires some historical context to really understand. But even without context, the chaos and imagery of the collage provides more than enough symbolism to chew on. I think it's easy to take a look at something like this and pass it off as something anyone could

International Festival of Literature Berlin: “Artist Portrait: Liliana Heker”. Culturebase.net. 28 April. 2005. Web. 4 Sept. 2014

In many shops, there seems to be an obvious separation between boys and girls items, for example, the birthday cards, books, clothes, and toys. This is shown in a variety of ways the boy's items are mainly the color blue and the books have pictures of either action figures, superheroes or tools. Whereas the girl's items are mainly the color pink. The books show pictures of fairies, princess, and Bratz. The cards also have the theme of the color pink for girls and blue for boys. The girl's cards have a lot of sparkles and pretty pictures whereas the boy's cards are covered in camo kind of illustrations and also have action figures on the covers. The children's clothes are separated into sections where there are labels for the boy's clothes and labels for the girl's clothes. The girl's clothing is all pretty and pink, it is covered in sparkles. Whereas boys clothing has camo patterns, blue colors, and pictures of action figures.

In present day all around the world, society has certain expectations for the actions and behaviors of males and females. There are many factors in our everyday lives that contribute to the gender norms that society has set. This essay will discuss how situations in life can play a part in how people treat other people based on their gender. It is believed that males are the leaders of our world, but in present day woman can do as much as men can do. From The Journal of Marriage and Family, Hu states, “Differentiated gender roles in adulthood are rooted in one’s gender role socialization. In order to understand the persistence of gender inequalities in the domestic sphere, we need to examine the gendered patterns of children’s housework time.”(2015, P.1). Gender roles are society’s expectations of the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females that they must be taught. These roles define how females and males are viewed in society, their household, and workplace. In The Journal of Sports behavior by Hardin, he states, “Although gender role differences from biological and “Natural” exists in popular consciousness, research has long demonstrated that instead, many are long time socially constructed… Individuals understand their gender because they are given names and treated in particular ways, such as dress in pink for girls and blue for boys, that reflect social construction of gender. Bandura's social cognitive theory is key in understanding the factors in socialization”(2009, P.3). Bandura's theory of of social cognition is that behavior, environmental events, and cognitive factors are the main keys that shape attitudes and actions of an individual. Although, gender roles play a very big part in our society, specific genders are treated differently while dealing with peer influence, media influence, as well as employment.

Gender roles became so complex in the twentieth century due how society has changed what men and women should be like. Men take being strong and independent as a God given right to them, while females on the other hand have had to work their way up in order to be titled independently strong. From growing up to early adulthood I faced the conflict of constantly worrying about how society wants me shape myself as a dependent and self-confident which was the complete opposite of me.

Her work is based on events happening and who and what was most popular through the 1930’s and the eventful changes happening throughout. Her work through the time of 1930’s New York documentation took the camera on a journey through the changed and events happening at this specific time, her main idea was to get across the point of why she documented New York and to show the dramatic changed that a year can make to such a big city at this time. She documented different areas of New York including the urban scene and the architecture that represented New York in such a big way. She had focused on a lot of types of photography throughout the start of her career and moved on to architecture when documenting New York as she embarked on new found interests in her career. Her main focus was to base her photography on the ‘Changing New York’ and that the time of the 1930’s had such a huge

Judy Chicago (artist, author, feminist and educator) has a career that now spans five decades. In the late 1960s, her inquiry into the history of women began a result of her desire to expose the truth of women’s experiences, both past and present. She still continues on a crusade to change the perception of women from our history, “Women’s history and women’s art need to become part of our cultural and intellectual heritage.” (Chicago, 2011) Through our history women - their struggles, accomplishments and contribution to history, have been overlooked, downplayed and even completely written out of a male dominated society and culture. In anthropologist Sherry Ortner’s 1974 essay “Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?” she supports this view, writing “…woman is being identified with—or, if you will, seems to be a symbol of—something that every culture devalues,” (Ortner, 1974) Where Mendieta's work primarily came from a striving to belong and an understanding of where she came from, I feel that Chicago's aim was to find a place for all women, past and present in this world, starting with herself in the art world. Chicago did explore her peronal heritage in later works entitled 'Birth Project' and 'Holocaust Project'.

Audrey Flack emerged in the late 1960s and is best known for pioneering the art genre of photorealism. During this time period photorealism was looked down upon and heavily criticised by artists which lead to the isolation of Flack for her contribution to the movement. Flack painted her first portrait based on a photograph, imitating its colours and appearance while her paintings concentrated on highly emotional social and political themes. These were both cultural and social influences, seen most famously in her painting ‘Marilyn Monroe’. Consistent through Flack’s career is her emphasis on symbolism in which she tries to make her work “universal,” something that all audiences can relate to with many of her photographs coming from documentary

The human need for answers has led our kind to know everything we consider knowledge. The need to know what’s beyond led to the invention of spaceships, the fight for power resulted in atomic bombs, and even in our days, the search for the cure for cancer that still bugs scientists and people alike. In a more individual scale, Art inspires this thirst for knowledge, and being able to do so is an Art of its own. Adele Bloch Bauer II was painted by Gustav Klimt in the early 1910’s. Ferdinand Bloch Bauer, Adele’s husband, commissioned the painting for his wife Adele, after Klimt had already painted a first Adele in 1907.

The prolific German painter Johannes Hüppi was born in 1965 in Baden-Baden, where he currently lives and works. The artist obtained his education under Dieter Krieg and Fritz Schwegler at the Academy of Fine Arts in Düsseldorf (1984-90), followed by his numerous accolades, residencies, and frequent migrations, having his studios in Los Angeles and San Francisco (1992-4), New York (1997-2000), Miami (2000-1), later lecturing at art academies in Braunschweig (2004-7) and Puebla in Mexico (2006). Throughout the years, Hüppi has demonstrated a particular interest towards the modern painting, its masters and thematics, and executed a vast body of female and group portraits, often enriched by unlikely symbolics and surreal situations. Widely exhibited

Rachlin, NATALIA. "Giving a Swedish Pioneer of Abstract Art Her Due.” NY Times. N.p., 2013. Web. 2016.

Gender socialization often begins early once parents are shown the sex of their child; from then on, baby showers are planned according to gender “appropriate” colors, which are often pink for girls and blue for boys. Even differences in how children are spoke to can be picked up easily in Western cultures. Girls are called pretty and sweet, whereas boys are handsome and strong. Ultimately, the way children learn to identify with their gender culture is in part due to not only family and friends, media, schools, and religion, but also from the toys that may inexplicitly advertise gender expectations. Gender-typed toys may be bought for children as a way for parents to encourage and reinforce gender-appropriate behaviors. However, recent debates have engulfed toy manufacturers and major retailers, which has brought about changes in toy design and marketing in an effort to make reflect more realistic and gender neutral options.

The time she went to that school she mostly studied glass design, unfortunately due to the First World War outbreak, the school closed in 1914, and Hoch went back to her home. When looking at Hannah Hoch’s art pieces and other works I thought they were all very unique and interesting. Her work just kind of draws you in and makes you think. When looking at them, I would first notice the different colors she would use and the eyes of her people in the collages, and when looking at her work you look at everything in that picture.

Today we live in a world that continually stresses to us that, "All men are created equal." While this sounds great at face value, further inspection tells us that this is far from realistic and sadly may never be. One can examine any aspect of society whether it be race, religion, language, level of education, sexual orientation or economic status and notice that there are numerous characteristics and factors of identity that enable others to treat others differently. This truth may not be pleasant or make one feel all warm and fuzzy inside, however it is our society’s reality, however dismal it may be. Even if the statement above as to the equality of all men were true, how about women? Clearly women have made tremendous strides towards