Nt1310 Unit 1

World Wide Web). The nodes can be static or dynamic [24]. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) will continue to play a very important role in our day to day lives. A WSN contains of sensor nodes that are powered by little unique batteries. These sensor nodes are densely arranged in the area to be monitored to sense and transmit information towards the base station. WSN can simplify structure design and operation, as the environment being monitored does not need the communication or energy infrastructure connected with wired networks [25].

Network nodes can have logical or actual communication with all devices,this communication mostly defines the type of network topology, depending on the application. Sensors are able to be pair with all the topologies types but, in some cases, the sensors may not be appropriate for all the networks. Most logical network topology tends to be defined depending on their logical roles. Centralized configuration techniques are always appropriate for networks whereby the processing power capacity specifically depends on a specific but unique device. The device is responsible for coordination, processing, and management of any information activities that is sensed within the environment. From here, it forwards the grasped information to a sink node. This, therefore, means that the sensors are quite reliable in grasping information (Karl, Holger, and Willig 2005, 105). The advantage of this network arrangement is the centralized configuration allows more energy management and roaming is usually allowed inside the network to facilitate

Unlike the star architecture where the nodes can only talk to the gateway, the nodes in a mesh topology can also hop messages among other router nodes. The propagation of sensor data through the mesh allows a sensor network to be extended, in theory to an unlimited range.

Sensors (which are devices with processor, memory, storage, inputs and outputs, OS and software capabilities that gather and/or disseminate data on just about anything ), are attached to objects, and the objects’ identities, state or state of surroundings become capable of being relayed to an Internet connected IT structure. The sensors relay data to the outside world through local area and wide area, wireless or wired links. . Local, on

One application example of the proposed system is illustrated in Fig. 1 (b). In this scenario, multiple mobile sensors distributed over a geographical area need to transmit data to a remote destination node. Here

With the recent technological advancements of smaller sensor devices enabling ubiquitous sensing capabilities and driven by the adoption of global standard technologies, Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) are evolving as one of the most significant technologies of 21st century (Ruiz-Garcia, Lunadei, Barreiro, & Robla, 2009). Though wired networks provide more stable and reliable communication, sensor networks with dense wireless networks of small, low cost sensors collecting and disseminating environment data has facilitated monitoring and controlling of physical environments from remote locations with better accuracy. Moreover, with the unique characteristics of flexibility, energy efficiency, distributed intelligence, low cost and most importantly with very good monitoring capabilities Wireless sensor networks serve wide range of applications in various fields such as remote environmental monitoring, home security, industry applications, military purposes such as target tracking along with preparing a ubiquitous computing environment (Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2009).

However, a group of sensors collaborating with each other can accomplish a much bigger task efficiently. They can sense and detect desired events/data from a field of interest, and then communicate with each other in an optimal fashion to perform data aggregation, and then route the aggregated data to sinks or base stations that can make application-specific decisions and link to the outside world via the Internet or satellites. One of the primary advantages of deploying a wireless sensor network is its ease-deployment and freedom from having a complicated wired communication backbone that is often inconvenient of deployment in the remote area.

This paper is also proposed a frame work for the simulation of the wireless sensor networks and the applications of WSN are that proposed an algorithm. The applications of wireless sensor networks is spreading rapidly form the last ten years in many areas like mostly in the areas called militaries, defence, large buildings, industries, and in many commercial buildings. Due to the advancement in wireless sensor networks the sensors with low power and the modules equipped with radio devices is now replaced with the wired sensors. These small modules (tiny) can be known as motes will collect all the information from the environment by using the motes and is also working like neurons.

WSN that utilized Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4 is utilized as a weather monitoring network. It sends the information about the weather and generates hazard alarms. Decision tree techniques are used for analysing the data at sensor site. Weather data is checked with a notification measurement (Yawut & Kilaso, 2011).

A Wireless Sensor Network or WSN is supposed to be made up of a large number of sensors and at least one base station. The sensors are autonomous small devices with several constraints like the battery power, computation capacity, communication range and memory. They also are supplied with transceivers to gather information from its environment and pass it on up to a certain base station, where the measured parameters can be stored and available for the end user.

The wireless sensor networks have deployed in different data intensive applications including video or audio surveillance, agriculture precision, monitoring of habita. A wireless sensor network with a medium sized can get 1Gigabytes per year from habitat biologically. As the storage capacity is limited for sensor nodes, the data that is excess should get transmitted to base station for analysis and archiving. The sensor nodes should operate in power supplies with limitations like solar panels or small batteries. So that the main problem that is faced by the data-intensive wireless sensor networks is reducing consumption of energy of nodes such that the generated data will be transferred to base

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.[1] The development of wireless sensor networks was originally motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance. However, wireless sensor networks are now used in many civilian application areas, including environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control.[1][2]

At present, Wireless Sensor Network has becoming a hot technological topic with the development of computer science and wireless communication technology, wireless sensor network (WSNs) is a system shaped by a substantial number of sensor nodes, each one furnished with sensors to recognize physical phenomena, for example, heat, light, movement, or sound. Utilizing diverse sensors, WSNs can be implemented to backing numerous applications including security, diversion, mechanization, mechanical checking, and open utilities also state management. however, numerous WSN gadgets have serious asset demands as far as vitality, computation, and memory, brought about by a need to cutoff the expense of the substantial number of gadgets needed for some applications and by organization

Wireless Sensor networks are defined as the distribution of the sensors in the irregular manner. It is a heterogeneous system. The range of sensors used in the network may be from few hundreds to thousands. These sensors will have limited resources like power, storage, communication and processing capability.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is comprised of multiple tiny devices called nodes or motes. These are distributed spatially in an environment to monitor sense and compute data wirelessly. The role of a sensor node is to evaluate different tasks. First, a node has to sense physical conditions and exchange the information with other nodes after computation. Second, it plays the important role of being a relay for different sensor nodes [1],[2],[3],[4]. These nodes can mount anywhere in the environment [2]. With recent advancements in the field of electronics these devices are becoming cheaper and smaller and are being employed in both indoor and outdoor environments. Applications include agricultural monitoring, household and military surveillance, industrial automation and robotics, and healthcare [3]. A sensor node, shown in Figure.1 is a low power device and consists of five different components namely [5], [12]