Nucleophilic Substitution SN1-SN2

Studying SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon Date of Experiment: February 6, 2008 Objective: The objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions

effects that an alkyl group and solvent have on the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactions. Two separate mechanisms can be used to perform the nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides: SN1 and SN2. A SN1 reaction, or unimolecular displacement, is a 1st order, nucleophilic substitution that involves two steps. The rate law for this reaction, Rate = k[Rx], doesn’t include the nucleophile in it.1 These two step reactions have a carbocation intermediate. SN1 reactions work best when the central carbon has as many

Substitution and Elimination Reactions Substitution reactions replace a functional group with a new group. These reactions compete with elimination reactions in which a group is eliminated and a π (pi) bond is formed. Substitution reactions occur when a nucleophile is added to an electrophile/substrate. Elimination reactions occur when a base is added to an electrophile/substrate. The electrophile must contain a leaving group to be considered a substrate. Alkyl Halides Alkyl Halides are the common

This experiment is based on the concept of performing SN2 reactions and analyzing how different factors affect said reactions. The factors in question for this experiment are steric hindrance, nucleophilicity, and nature of the leaving group. An SN2 reaction is a type of substitution reaction. A substitution reaction entails an alkyl having its leaving group (typically a halogen) replaced by a different atom. A nucleophilic substitution involves a nucleophile attacking a leaving group on a carbon

relate nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2) with reactions that involved converting alcohol-containing compounds to alkyl halides. This experiment was conducted by combining the initial alcohol with reagents and heating under reflux when necessary. It was determined that mechanistic pathways of substitution depend principally on the structure of the initial alcohol; that is, substrate is considered primary, secondary, or tertiary. Synthesis of 1 (46%) was achieved through SN2 mechanism

Substitution 5. Introduction In this experiment, a primary alcohol was converted into a primary bromoalkane using hydrobromic acid. The reaction was done under reflux and then distilled to obtain a product of higher purity. The degree of the alkyl halide obtained from the experiment was tested with silver nitrate and sodium iodide. An infrared (IR) spectra and the weight of the product were obtained for further analysis. The IR gave information on the present functional groups and product weight

Nucleophilic reactions occur when there is an electron pair donor and an electron pair acceptor (2). There are two types of ways that nucleophilic reactions occur. There is the SN1 reaction and the SN2 reaction. An SN1 is a two-step reaction that occurs when a molecule first forms a carbocation. Once the carbocation is formed, the nucleophile comes in and attaches to the molecule (2). Below is a general reaction scheme of an SN1 reaction: Below is the mechanistic scheme of SN1: In an SN2 reaction

Relative Reactivity of Alkyl Halides in Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Charlie Doyle Madison McGough Annie Chang   Introduction Both Sn1 and Sn2 reactions are nucleophilic substitution reactions, though they are slightly different. Sn2 reactions have bimolecular displacement and are also concerted, meaning the bond making and the bond breaking processes happen in one step.1 Sn1 reactions require two steps and have unimolecular displacement. This difference can be seen

tert-butyl Chloride via an Sn1 Reaction Copeland 1 Introduction/Background Substitution reactions are important chemical processes that contribute to the production of new compounds. Simplistically, these reactions take place through a series of steps in which one functional group is replaced by another (March). There are two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions, first-order and second-order, but this experiment only involves the Sn1 first-order reactions. Sn1 reactions are considered unimolecular

had a relatively high yield (75%) (Scheme 1). Scheme 1. Substitution of 3-phenyl-1-propanol to form 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane The reaction was determined to be SN2 after careful reading of the data obtained and the procedure followed. Increasing the amount of NaBr used in the reaction did not have an effect on the product yield. The conditions of the reactions were acidic due to the solvent used. The acidic conditions prevent an E2 substitution reaction from occurring. In this reaction, the OH leaving