The Rate Constants And Product Ratios

The purpose of this experiment is to distinguish the relationships between reactants and products, in addition to expanding on concepts such as single displacement reactions, mole ratio values, moles to mass, theoretical yields, limiting reactants, excess, stoichiometric relationships and percentage errors.

(Q:1&2) An unknown (nucleophile) was subjected to SN2 reaction when combined with benzyl bromide (electrophile) in a sodium hydroxide (base) solution. The experiment provided a clear understanding in conducting nucleophilic substitution reaction where heat must be applied in order for the SN2 reaction to move forward. The goal was to determine the unknown by incorporating knowledge of polarity, the laws of physics, and the role of energy when forming crystals; "like dissolves like", "matter cannot be created nor destroyed". (Q3:Techniques) Melting point, recrystallization, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) mediated the ability to find which unknown nucleophile was provided

Also I have recollected how to use molecular model, which helped me to simulate both syn and anti addition of bromine to trans-cinnamic acid. This review helped to figure out whether the product was formed by syn addition, anti addition or both.

What essentially happens in these reactions is that first, light breaks the bond between two bromine atoms, from a

The purpose of this experiment is to distinguish the relationships between reactants and products, in addition to expanding on concepts such as single displacement reactions, mole ratio values, moles to mass, theoretical yields, limiting reactants, excess, stoichiometric relationships and percentage errors.

Act-Purpose: In this film the act is A.I is hugging Marton jumped into the water and the purpose is A.I wants Marton to keep him safe. So the act-purpose

This is my assignment one for the course CHE 432 at Arizona State University. The instructor for this class Dr. Burrows. Assignment one is due on Wednesday, August 30, 2017. There is no progress for date as this is the first assignment for the course. The assignments in this course will help me learn about chemical processes.

Many reactions that exist in nature involve a double displacement between ions and reactants with solvents. A bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, or SN2 reaction, involves a nucleophilic attack on a substrate and the departure of a leaving group. A nucleophile is a compound or ion that donates electrons to promote bond formation (Caldwell, 1984). In order for a leaving group in a compound to leave, it must possess the characteristics of a weak base and be able to occupy electrons. Several factors affect the rate and favorability of such reaction, such as (Bateman, 1940). In addition, the substrate that is attacked by the nucleophile is commonly an unhindered primary substrate to allow the reaction to occur quicker. An SN2 reaction follows the second-order rate law.

These factors can transform bad leaving groups into ideal weak bases. Through the basic knowledge of how nucleophilic substitution reactions are driven, S_N 2 and S_N 1 mechanisms are further understood. Second order mechanisms, S_N 2 reactions, follow certain criterion that differentiate it from other reactions. When S_N 2 reactions are assessed the nature of the leaving group is characterized by alkyl halides. Primary halides compared to secondary halides are reacted faster which is important when looking at certain reactions.

Bromide molecule from pyridinium tribromide was attacked by pi bond creating a positive charge on the bromide. To stabilize the structure, the negative bromide was introduced via frontside attack and made an syn product.

The objective surrounding the experiment outlined by this report is to perform an SN1 reaction to synthesize tert-butyl chloride while recording the reactivity of the compound with sodium iodide and silver nitrate reagents. Nucleophilic substitution reactions, denoted SN1 or SN2, are characterized by a nucleophile (electron pair donor) reacting with an electrophile (electron pair acceptor) to break a bond at a carbon to form a new bond with that carbon.1 In order for the reaction to take place, a compound or element must break away from the electrophile, so it may accept electrons from the nucleophile.2 The octet rule must not be disobeyed and thus, the leaving group allows space for other electrons to attach. Figure 1.1 (right) shows a typical

The conversion rate allows Nokona to sell its gloves for a profitable price while remaining competitive and accounting for the costs of getting the gloves to Germany. If the conversion rate was to repeat trends of 2011, then Nokona would be able to secure the conversion difference to their advantage.

The quantitative analysis of chemical bonding between the constituent atoms has been carried out by drawing the 1D electron density line profiles for Ba-O and Ti-O bond. Figure 2.36 shows the 1D electron density line profiles for Ba-O bond for three different Sr concentrations. Figure 2.37 shows the 1D electron density line profiles for Ti-O bond for three different Sr concentrations.

Profitability is important in determining if a company is maximizing wealth because it measures the efficiency and performance of the overall company functions.  It is used to determine the worth of investment to stocks.  There is two type of profitability ratios.  Margins and returns are the profitability ratios.  A margin ratio for profitability is cash flow margin.  The formula for cash flow margin is cash flow from operating cash flow/ net sales from the cash flow statement.  The ratios represent the ability to convert sales dollars into profits at a different point for measurement.  Investors, creditors, and manager have the  powerful view the inner workings of Nucor with margin ratio.  The higher the percentage the better the performance by companies.  Nucor had an unstable performance level between 2011 to 2015.  The best year is 2015 with 4.5%.  The worst year is 2012 with .26%.  The mean percentage for cash flow margin for 2011 to 2015 is 1.6% from the growth of operating sales.  The sale by Nucor is recycled cash flow to pay dividends, suppliers, service debt, and invest new capital assets.  Nucor could have problems translating sales into cash if sales are down or operation cost are high.  A returns profitability ratios are cash return on assets.  The formula for a cash return on assets is cash flow from operating activities  / total assets.  The ratios display the returns being measure on the firm’s ability to the overall efficiency of

Consistently, partial transection of spinal cord in our study leads to a significant increase in total white blood cells, neutrophils, and also N/L ratio, 3 days after SCI.