Nutritional effects in Artemia
Introduction:
Respiration is a vital process for any organism to do physiological activities, like reproduction and metabolism, because it supplies required energy to the organism by convert glucose into energy. Once the respiration rate is altered, it can affect the metabolic processes of the organism directly. The nutritional quality of food can also affect the metabolism of the organism. Organism has specific target intakes for the specific function. Furthermore, on a low energy diet, animals will consume carbohydrates and fat first until the protein requirements are fulfilled. In this case, the low energy intake can decrease the metabolic rate and reproductive rate of organisms (Gosby et al. 2011).
The Artemia franciscana is a genus of aquatic crustaceans known as brine shrimp, which plays an important role in both ecological and physiology researching. It is used to be a model organism to study and exploit because its good adaption in the hostile environment (Irwin et al., 2007).The nutritional quality of food can significantly affect animals. Including influencing growth, metabolism and reproductive state of animals (Hulbert and Else 1999). Thus, the nutritional effect on Artemia is a significant expression of influencing of nutrition to animals. The reason for doing this experiment was to study the effect of energy availability on animals’ wellbeing.
The first aim of this experiment is to explore the effect nutrition on the metabolism
In the scientific method lab, I explored the different food options for mice in order to find the best one that will help them gain weight. To succeed in this lab, I needed to examine several types of foods including fruits, raw meat, cooked and uncooked foods. In this experiment I used cooked macaroni as a positive control and for the negative control I didn’t feed the mice any food, only water. The main objective of this study was to determine the best solution that will help me understand the metabolism of mice. All mice used in this study were given the same resources, but the only difference was the different types of foods fed to the mice to understand the changes of weight gain or loss between the mice.
Assess how influences on the dietary intake may affect the nutritional health of individuals (M2)
To determine the metabolic rate of a goldfish two different methods can be applied, direct or indirect calorimetry. Direct calorimetry analyzes the exothermic reaction when ATP is produced by measuring the amount of heat that is released. Meanwhile, indirect calorimetry measures the amount of carbon dioxide or oxygen because both are components of aerobic respiration, a process which repeatedly supplies more ATP to match the demands of metabolic rate of an organism. Evidently, metabolic rate is the cumulative sum of energy used by all the cells. Most of this energy comes from regulating homeostasis, locomotion and thermoregulation. On the other hand, ectotherms like goldfish have a slight difference in their metabolic rates because their internal temperature directly correlates with the temperature of their environment. For this reason, ectotherms use less energy because they do not need to worry about thermoregulation, maintaining constant body temperature. However, temperature, size, amount of light and stimulus are factors that can affect metabolism of goldfish. Thus, this experiment will measure the metabolic rate of goldfish through in
The Purpose of this experiment was to determine the importance of cellular respiration in the processes of Life. The objective of this experiment was to determine the rate of cellular respiration and how the presence of carbohydrates and pollutants will affect it. Our hypothesis was that an organism has larger rate of Cellular Respiration with the source of Carbohydrates as compared to the one that is without the Carbohydrates source and vice versa in
Change is good, this is something that has often been said throughout history, the mind is an open book ready to consume additional information. During the last eight weeks of class there has been many things that Foundation of Nutrition, SPHE 395, has highlighted for the students, in order to assist them in fine tuning their craft in the sports and health industry. There where numerous area that where focused on over the last eight weeks. During part two of this final assignment there we were asked to state five things that we learned during the eight weeks of learning. One of things that I must say is the fact that I know little or nothing about Nutrion before this class, but during the course there were several that would help me during my career. The five area that where important to my learning where the highlighting of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, maternal nutrition for infants, and the benefits of alcohol. After the review of this information there will be detailed concluding thoughts what I think of the class after the concluding week.
In this assignment I will be explaining the physiology of two named body systems in relation to energy metabolism in the body, the Respiration system and the Digestive system. I will start off by giving a definition of energy metabolism in the body. Metabolism in the body is a collection of chemical reactions that takes place in the body’s cells. Metabolism converts the nutrients in the food that we eat in to essential energy which is needed to power all that we do, from something as little as thinking to growing physically or carrying out a physical activity. In our body’s, there are a specific protein which controls the
Cellular respiration is a very important process that occurs in all living organisms. In this process, chemical energy is obtained by the organisms’ food source to be turned into ATP or adenosine triphosphate, a form of energy that is easily utilized by the organisms’ bodies to carry out certain bodily functions (Largen, 2008, p.41). The chemical formula for cellular respiration is C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O→6CO2+12H2O+energy. This simply means that, with the use of glucose, six molecules of oxygen, and six molecules of water, an output of six carbon dioxide molecules, twelve molecules of water, and energy (ATP) is produced (Khan, 2010). Glucose is especially important in this process, given that it acts as a fuel in cellular respiration. (Cellular Respiration: Introduction, n.d.). In the biosphere, there is also a vast
The test subjects, O. rusticus crayfish, were collected from the White River.. Body length and body weight were measured with the use of a measuring tape and a gram scale. The rate of oxygen consumption was studied by the use of intermittent closed respirometry with a Q-box AQUA device. This was conducted by measuring the amount of dissolved oxygen present in the water chamber without removing the organism from the container so as to demonstrate the amount of oxygen consumed by the crayfish over a given set of time. By periodically measuring the amount of oxygen present in the water at an interval of twice per second, the rate of oxygen consumption can be
Background Research: Cellular Respiration is used by the cells to make ATP, by releasing chemical energy from sugars and other carbon based molecules. There are 3 stages to Cellular Respiration, Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. The inputs of Glycolysis are 2 ATP’s, a Glucose molecule, and a Pyruvate. The inputs for the Krebs Cycle are oxygen, and. In animals, energy is consumed by eating food. In that food they eat, Glucose is found and broken down by the process of cellular respiration, which then converts into energy known as ATP. When there is a lot of ATP and Glucose, the liver converts it into glycogen.
Variations of blood glucose was observed against different treatments within the two different diet groups. The blood glucose measured with saline showed that the rat on the leaner diet had a higher spike of blood glucose levels after the initial injection. Over time the glucose levels equalize until the time point of an hour when it suddenly drops. After this point the blood glucose levels climb back to their equalized state. The rat on the higher fat diet experienced a higher initial blood glucose level after the injection of saline and then fell until the hour mark where it peaked only to fall to its equalized position at the two hour mark (figure).
Artemia sp. are widely used as first foods for larviculture of almost all marine fish species (Hache and Plante, 2011). On a large and industrial scale, similarly to intensive farming, species with reliably high culture performance, digestibility and high nutritional value is the objective. Artemia sp. have great potential because they are highly available; their dormant eggs “cysts” available year round. Their nutrient value can vary but with an enriched diet this can be improved (Leger, 1986). In this study the effects of nutrient availability on metabolism and reproductive state of Artemia Franciscana will
The diet of a person plays an important role, and it as to be varied to obtain all the daily nutrients that the body need to function correctly. A balanced diet means to consume the right number of macronutrients such as protein, carbohydrate, sugars, fats, saturates, salt and micronutrients like fibre vitamins and minerals a day but a constant overstepping of the day-to-day GDA or an unhealthy diet can lead to obesity. The human body absorb the nutrient true the cell respiration, a series of metabolic processes with which the cell gets energy through the breakdown of the nutrients into simpler molecules, the remaining energy is stored in from of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
We are required to obtain certain amount of nutrients from food. Food can simply divide into 2 groups, macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients composition. Both of the groups mentioned do affect the metabolism rate. According to Hulbert and Else, dietary fatty acid will affect the metabolism rate and some of the polyunsaturated fatty acid will increase the metabolism rate (1999). Meanwhile, different kinds of animals have their own unique requirement for macro-nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates and fat. Moreover, most of the food intake is driven by achieving the required protein intake. Animals on a low protein diet will over eat carbohydrates and fat until the protein requirement has been satisfied. If this case
Other than veterinary bills, food is the largest expense for pet owners, leading to the growth of a billion dollar industry that produces over 10 million tons of pet food annually (Grum, 2016). A great deal of money goes into research to examine feline nutrition and dietary preferences. In an article published on the Forbes website, John McQuaid (2015) a journalist and book author, proposed that cats’ ability to taste bitterness, and inability to taste sweetness explains “why cats are such picky eaters.” With the growing pet population in the U.S., insight into feline diet requirements and preferences helps both pet food companies and pet owners provide more nutritious, balanced food options for domestic cats.
‘’Nutrition is the process of taking in nutrients from the foods you eat.’’ (Page 1, http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-nutrition.html)