Observing Natural Selection

Dark and Light Environment After experimentation occurred it was found that Pill bugs in the double-chamber preferred the light area over dark. The first three minutes followed hypothesized beliefs of the Pill bugs favoring darker environments; it soon showed a predominant change in habitual residence when through minutes five and nine the number of Pill bugs in the chamber with a light bulb above it never came below seven at a time. For fifty percent of the time, there were two Pill bugs in the light chamber for every one Pill bug in the dark (as the table below shows). The statistics

2. Place 10 randomly selected sowbugs in each of the 3 empty tin bowls for 3 minutes to allow them to acclimate to the environment.

Three of the pill bugs went to the scented side, then two of those three came back. The remaining 7 pill bugs moved a little on the same side they were on starting at that interval.

The first hypothesis for this lab is that, if red flour beetles are placed in the center of a dish with wheat flour on one side and white flour on the other, then more beetles will go to their preferred substrate. Our prediction is that the white flour side will occupy more red flour beetles than the oat flour side of the dish because that is the preferred substrate. The null hypothesis is that there will be no preference between the two substrates.

When looking at the spreadsheet, the bird lasted nine years in the first simulation and ten years in the second simulation. The first simulation started out with seventeen blue beetles (ten were eaten) and decreased to fifteen(eleven were eaten), eleven (ten were eaten), one (got eaten), and then became extinct after just five years. In the second simulation, the blue beetle population started with seventeen (thirteen were eaten), and decreased to sixteen (twelve eaten), fourteen (eleven were eaten) , eight (eight were eaten), and then became extinct. The green population increased from one, then three, eight, nineteen, ended up at twenty until the bird died after nine years in the first simulation. In the second simulation, the green beetles

Evolution is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors. Natural Selection is when an individual with the best trait survive and breed in more population. Larger populations of organisms with the desired traits will then occur and organisms will evolve. The four principles of Natural Selection are variation, over production, adaptation, and descent with modification. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist saw two major trends within organisms which were variation and adaptation. Variations are differences in individuals’ physical traits compared to other individuals. In the Galapagos Islands Darwin noticed that finches had different beak sizes and shapes. Darwin then concluded that finches with thicker beaks lived in areas where nuts were the main food source and finches with smaller beaks tended to live in areas where insects were the main food source. Adaptation are features that allow an organism to better survive in their environment. There has been many adaptations in animals but one of the best has been living in groups because animals can then “help each other find food, defend against predators and care for their young” (animalpanet, n.d.). Overproduction is when organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. Darwin stated that all animals over produce since offspring can reach reproduction age and have offspring of their own. For example, “even a slow breeder

And now you can see for yourself that the results are quite telling. As you can see the bed bugs reacted the most at black and red color. On the other hand the bed bugs avoided the yellow and green color.

When the wings are open, males are a royal blue when open, and females are more of a brown. All the adults, when closed, are light blue with black or gray marks. they have orange eye spots towards the bottom of their wing used to confuse bird predators. If the predator thinks it is the head and tries to peck it, only a small portion of the wing will be damaged.

What makes D. Melanogaster perfect for the experiment is the two week lifespan and their ability to reproduce in high numbers. While using D. Melanogaster in an experiment like this, reproduction can be manipulated through

Ms. Rebecca asked, Claire “What color is your lady bug?” Clair responded with “Red” enthusiastically.

The Gold Beetle has a multi-layered exoskeleton that will allow for interference patterns to create the beetle’s golden appearance. When light strikes the beetle, each layer of its exoskeleton refracts light differently. When the wavelengths of the refracted light are in phase, this additive interference causes the total refracted light to be amplified, allowing the beetle to appear metallic. The beetle also has a secondary mechanism if its highly reflective camouflage fails to protect it. The beetle can pump an orange-pigmented fluid underneath its wing covers which alters the spacing of the layers of the exoskeleton. The change in spacing of the exoskeleton removes the effects of the additive interference, allowing the beetle to mimic another species, the Ladybird Beetle (Hippodamia convergens). While the Gold Beetle is harmless, the Ladybird Beetle is highly toxic and bad-tasting to predators. This example of Batesian mimicry effectively discourages dangerous predators from feeding on the now toxic-appearing Gold

The water is still a Chinese tea color. More mold (Or could it be spider webs?) has dominated the plant. 1 cricket is a survivor and the fish thrives.

It’s green! No, red! No, brown! Now yellow with black stripes! Chameleons are a type of lizard known for their ability to quickly change color. New research is helping scientist understand the secrets of these quick-change artists.

Some larva containing vials had hatched into flies. Counting of the flies began at this point. As flies started to grow, at different rates for each vial, with in the first seven days after all larva had hatched the flies were counted. The procedure was done according to theDrosophila manual (45-2620)

The four stages of CRB: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. The egg is a mix of white-brown and the length of the egg is approximately 3 to 4 mm (GiblinDavis, 2001). The hatched larvae range from 6.5-7.5mm long (Lever, 1979). During the pupae stage “The color is somewhat yellowish brown and the body has a somewhat rubbery appearance. Most of the external adult structures can be detected…the pupa ranges from 39.4 to 51.5 mm long, 19-23.6mm wide, and 16 to 19.4mm deep…the surface is rather smooth and shiny, with minute punctures or bristles in part. The ventral surfaces and legs bear distinct reddish bristles. The sclerotization of the exoskeleton is highly developed, and the beetle is extremely strong. The sides of the mandibles and parts of the