Osteoblasts Process

A. long bones are the thickest midway down the diaphysis, where the stresses are the greatest.

The bones are made up of two minerals, including calcium. Calcium is critical in order to maintain the level of bone mass to support structures of the body. If calcium is truncated in other regions of the body then it will be released from the bones into the bloodstream sending it to the appropriate destination. Bones begin to weaken if an insufficient amount of calcium is not consumed. The body will discontinue absorbing calcium if an abundant amount of calcium is consumed, in which vitamin D aids this process.

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate, which is a thin layer of cartilage between the epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone at the distal ends of the long bones. Bone growth is the result of maturation, growth of chondrocytes, their production of bone matrix, and finally calcification (47). The growth plate is a complex structure consisting of different layers of cells, as shown in figure 3. The most immature cells, the stem cells, are found towards the epiphyseal end of the growth plate in the stem cell zone, or resting zone; the proliferating zone contains more mature chondrocytes and the hypertrophic zone contains the larger chondrocytes. The resting stem cells in the resting zone are recruited, whereupon proliferation and differentiation

Bone- hard tissue consisting of a collagen framework that is filled in with minerals such as calcium

The Haversian systems in the bone lay down what the bone is going to be able to take.( The Biomechanics of Bone Tissue)

It is constantly broken down by cells called osteoclasts and built up again by cells called osteoblasts. This process is called bone remodeling, and it continues throughout an individual's life. Normally, more bone is built up than is broken down from birth through adolescence. In the late teens or early 20s, people reach their peak bone mass--the most bone that they will ever have. For 20 or so years, bone gain and bone loss remain approximately balanced in healthy people with good nutrition. However, when women enter menopause, usually in their mid to late forties, for the first five to seven years bone loss occurs at a rate of 1-5% a year. Men tend to lose less bone, and the loss often begins later in life. Osteoporosis occurs when bone loss continues and bones become so thin and their internal structure is so damaged that they break

Bones never finish growing. It is renewed throughout life by a twopart remodeling process, resorption and formation. During resorption, osteoclast cells break down minerals and remove old bone tissue. During formation, osteoblast

Osteoporosis is also commonly known as “brittle bone”(Osteoporosis, 2015. Para.1). The bone is a living tissue, everyone is constantly breaking down old bone and rebuilding new bone. As a child, your bones continue to get stronger as you grow. Bone will grow until it has reach the peak bone mass, this usually happens

Ossification is the process whereby new bones are created and developed by cells named osteoblasts. An example of ossification is when cartilage is transferred to bone however, factors determine the transformation. Calcium and the consumption of vitamin D will allow the process of ossification to occur efficiently so that the bones can harden and the chances of fractures and breaks can be prevented.

Bone elongation occurs through proliferation and differentiation of the cells located in the cartilage of the epiphyseal growth plates at the ends of the long bones. These plates are present only during the growth period and vanish when sexual maturation is complete. It is the long bones of the skeleton, primarily the legs, which contribute the greatest to final body height. It is at these sites that the pubertal growth spurt first occurs (Tanner, 1962). Longitudinal growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate, a thin layer of cartilage entrapped between epiphyseal and metaphyseal bones, at the distal ends of the long bones (Kronenberg, 2003). In the growth plate, immature cells lie toward the epiphysis, called the resting zone, with flat more mature

Unlike engineering material, healthy bone can maintain its reliability by restoring the micro damage and remodeling itself. Bone remodeling follows two steps handled by the cells named osteoclast and osteoblast. Osteoclasts which digests the bone at a molecular level are responsible for the bone resorption. On the other hand, new bone is formed by a group of osteoblasts cell by cell. This process results bone to preserve itself and adjust to the person’s daily activity. Although bone maintains itself, the material property is changing with the remodeling process resulting bone to gain its unique heterogeneous material distribution. Furthermore, the remodeling process, not only involve with material properties, but architecture, besides. This transformation of bone occurs as a response to altered loading conditions. The transformation can be seen in osteon density, porosity, average osteonal area etc.

Endochondrial ossification is the term used for the development of new bone. Bone growth and remodelling takes place on a continual basis, ossification lengthens and thickens bone and therefore the process of ossification is used throughout life as well as during the period after bone fracture.

Compact bone consists of closely packed osteons or haversian system. The osteon consists of a central canal called the haversian canal, which is surrounded by concentric rings (lamellae) of matrix. Between the rings of matrix, the bone cells are located in spaces called lacunae. Small channels radiate from the lacunae to the haversian canal to provide passageways through

Osteoporosis is a medical condition when the bones become brittle and fragile from the loss of tissue. This results hormonal changes, deficiency of calcium, or vitamin D. The etiology of osteoporosis can be described as your bones being in a constant state of renewal. The bone is created and old bone is broken down. A younger body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone. Once this happens, your bone mass increases. When a person is in their early 20s, they reach their peak bone mass. The older a person gets, bone mass is lost faster than it is created. The chance to develop osteoporosis depends on how much bone mass you kept when you were younger. The higher your gain bone mass, the more bone you have for your body and the less likely

The Osteoblast is one of the four bone cells found inside the human body. They create bones. An Osteoblast creates the new layer of bone. Bones are complex living objects that can grow and develop. Beneath the bones outer layer is compact bone, which is hard and dense, but not solid. Small canals run through the compact bone. These canals carry tiny blood vessels and nerves from the nerve system. They start from the surface of the bone, to the cells within the bone. Like sponge, the bone has something spongy called spongy bone. Spongy bone has amal spaces and pores beneath it. There is one disease that can affect bone marrow, called Bone Marrow Disease. Hence the name, it affects the bone marrow of bone. Bone marrow is a spongy tissue inside