Osteopontin Research Paper

What is osteoporosis exactly? Literally, osteoporosis means “porous bone”. Derived from oste/o, meaning bone, and –porosis, meaning the condition of being porous. It is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Clinically defined as a disorder characterized by compromised bone strength leading to an increased risk of fracture (Lane, 2006). Normal bone structure includes an extracellular matrix with mineralized and non-mineralized components, which gives the bones their mechanical properties, as well as collagen and mineralized osteoid cells. Calcium concentration is extremely important is determining the compressive strength of the bone (Bethel, 2015). The structure of bone in an individual with osteoporosis has lost mineralization and collagen due to a decrease in the production of these components as a result, the bones become porous and brittle. Bone is living tissue, constantly being broken down and reformed through out life. Derived from

Osteopenia is a disease in which the bone density in a person is lower than normal but not so low to where they would be considered to have osteoporosis. To tell the difference between these similar disease you would have to speak with your doctor and schedule a bone density test. By measuring your bone density you will see how dense and how strong your bones are with having osteopenia over time the bones in the body will grow weak and be more prone to breaking as well with the lowering of bone density with having osteopenia it will develop into osteoporosis over time due to the low bone density. The causes of osteopenia are natural in everyone. As we get older are bones start to lose density around are middle aged years they start to become

The first known case of osteopetrosis was reported by the German radiologist Albers-Schönberg. Osteopetrosis, by definition, is, "a disorder in which an imbalance in the formation and breakdown of bone causes bones to be overly dense, yet weak and prone to break easily". There are two main forms that osteopetrosis comes in: malignant infantile and adult. The malignant infantile form can diagnosed during or shortly after birth and can immensely shorten the infant's life expectancy. The more formal name for the malignant infantile form is, autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. The other major form, the adult form, seems to be more milder and may not be diagnosed until adolescence or adulthood. The formal name for the adult form is, autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. There are a variety of different symptoms that can become apparent but the most common symptoms seem to be: bone fractures, low blood cell levels, impaired vision and hearing, and dental problems related to infection. I have already stated how the malignant infantile form is diagnosed, but how is the adult form diagnosed? It seems that, bones in patients with osteopetrosis appear abnormally dense and chalky whitish on x-rays. Bone biopsies are generally not recommended. Doctors may also use other tests to diagnose and gain additional information about specific problems that are related to osteopetrosis.

A 17-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with the complaint of right leg pain. The pain started as an ache a month ago and has gradually gotten worse. It has now progressed to a constant painful state that the patient rates as a 7/10. The main site of pain is located deep in his right upper thigh and does not radiate. It is worse at night and is unrelated to activity. The pain has started to cause a limp. The only alleviating factor is aspirin, which he takes a couple times a day. The patient denies any trauma and has an unremarkable medical and family history. He is currently not taking any medications. Physical examination shows vital signs within normal limits. There is tenderness on deep palpation of his proximal, lateral,

Since the day you were born, your bones have been supporting you. With age and conditions such as osteoporosis, however, these once strong, healthy bones begin gradually deteriorating. Fortunately, OsteoStrong of St. Louis in Creve Coeur, Missouri, will help you strengthen your bones and muscles, so you can live well.

Osteoporotic fractures constitute a significant public health issue and are a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and the number of older adults admitted to the hospital (Johnell & Kanis, 2006). Being osteoporotic, aggravates the incidence of fractures in elderly. The demand for the management of osteoporosis is expanding, because of the increase in incident rate and evolving understanding of the disease (Kanis, 2002; Kanis, Johansson, Oden, & McCloskey, 2009). It was estimated that by 2050 the global prevalence of hip fracture will be increased by 240% and 310% in women and men, respectively (Gullberg, Johnell, & Kanis, 1997). Furthermore the projected number of individuals with hip fracture will be increased up to 6.26 million by 2050 (Sambrook

The prognosis for osteoclastomas is good. Although the tumors are generally benign, pulmonary metastases can develop in some people. This causes death in 16%-25% of reported cases of osteoclastoma with pulmonary metastases. The mortality rate in patients with osteoclastomas that have not spread is only 4%. After treatment for osteoclastomas, it is recommended to get yearly check-ups for 5 years because a relapse is possible. Relapse from surgical procedures occurs anywhere from 5%-55% depending on the technique used and 10%-15% for radiation therapy. (Forsyth & Hogendoorn, n.d.)

Osteopathic medicine prides itself on being able to “recognize the body’s ability to regulate itself and mount its own defences against most pathologic conditions” (DiGiovanna, Schiowitz, & Dowling, 2005) Homeostasis can be referred to as the “maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal environment.” (Guyton & Hall, 2000) In conjunction with the Osteopathic principles, the osteopathic profession aims to regulate the bodies natural function including the use of osteopathic techniques to maintain the health and homeostasis of patients. This “dynamic state of equilibrium” (Marieb, 2015) has narrow limits of which the internal and external cellular fluids may fluctuate with the aim of maintaining an unchanged state. Maintaining

The Journal of Nutrition for Health and Aging published a journal article that used the scientific method to conduct a research of the lives of rural women with osteoporosis. The experiment included 21 women, who were older in age, from three different rural communities. The women discussed their daily lives and even gave advise for other women. Overall the experiment was to explore the lives of women with osteoporosis and the challenges or questions they have concerning osteoporosis (Roberto et al., 2001).

In recent years, advancements in the field of tissue engineering coupled with a growing demand from orthopedic medicine has led to the interlacing of these fields. This is most evident in the area of development or betterment of orthopedic implants. The needs and uses for orthopedic implants vary, but generally these implants are designed to replace, repair, or support a damaged bone or joint, or to fix a deformation. Specifically when developing a device to fix a medical bone issue, tissue engineering plays a crucial role. Because the implant will be going inside the body, a main area of concern is the biological characteristics of the material used, and how these will affect the compatibility between the implant and body. There has been various studies conducted that show a correlation between the biocompatibility of a material and osteoblast induction. Therefore, when engineering a material it is imperative to maximize the biocompatibility in order to induce osteoblast production, ultimately healing the damaged bone. This review

Contradictory functions of osteopontin may be associated with Th1 and Th2 response and infiltration of inflammatory cells including different phenotypes of macrophages. In addition, since different forms of osteopontin in various tissues interact with distinct cell surface receptors and ECM proteins, osteopontin expressed by dissimilar cells or tissues may function differently. Therefore, identification of essential cellular sources of osteopontin in injured muscle and its’ influence on Th1 and Th2 responses is important.

Osteopathic medicine can be defined as the medical approach to the bodies natural ability to heal itself. DO’s practice osteopathy by looking at the patient as a whole while providing treatment that promotes the bodies natural healing process, most likely through OMM (Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine). An MD and DO obtain the same Doctorate level degree, however, DO’s receive an extra training course of OMM- proving them with more medical-related training then an MD. This OMM has a strong foundation of principles, that in my opinion, are necessary for emergency and primary care physicians. DO’s are the frontier for patient care and hopefully, within the next couple of years, DO patient care techniques will be taught in various medical degree seeking applications across the world.

When my sister was in middle school (6th grade), she fell to the ground while she was playing with her friends during the lunch break. Her right hand started to swell and it was hurting her, but she didn’t realize that it was a bone fracture. When she got back home, I saw her swelling hand so I went ahead and applied an ice back to the injured area. By using a bandage, I was able to stabilize her hand to her neck and called 911 to seek immediate medical care. A wrist fracture was the result of the examination and the x-ray. Later on, an orthopedic doctor applied a cast on my sister’s hand and told her to keep it safe, dry, and clean. Four weeks later, the doctor removed the cast after taking another x-ray that showed the bones in their normal

Effects on Bones and Joints of smokers have been reported. Cigarette Smoke has numerous harmful and damaging effects on bones and joints as it affects its lubrication. Smoking can slow the mechanism that brings calcium to bones which makes them stronger. Women who actively smoke faces more danger and are at high risk for bone density loss and osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women who smoke are are have more risk of developing broken bone in the hip than those who are don't smoke. In general, smokers are expected to get injuries and degenerative disorders in the spine. Smokers have more trouble recovering from surgery as smoke interferes with the immune system. Smokers are at increased risk for heart and circulatory problems and delayed wound healing

Bone loss is part of the aging process. However, too much bone loss makes them weak and brittle, resulting in multiple disabling bone fractures. Avoiding this condition should start while you're still healthy. Here are four suggestions for maintaining healthy bones: