Osteoclastoma Research Paper

2). In addition, this disease causes death, short stature, blindness, and hearing loss. “Seventy percent of children with malignant infantile osteoporosis die by the age of six years, and almost 100 percent do not live to the age of 10 years” (Stocks et al., p. 2). The main cause of death is bone marrow failure, due to non-functioning osteoclasts. Some children will also have delays in muscle coordination, nerve compression, low levels of iron, crossed eyes, tooth decay, abnormal hardening of the bones, and fractures. (“Osteopetrosis,” 2008).

Osteosarcoma is also called osteogenic sarcoma in medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). This cancer usually develops in growing bones. Although it can occur at any age, it‘s most commonly found in teenagers and young adults and is slightly more common in males than females. Any bone in the body can be affected, but the most common sites are the arms or legs, particularly around the knee joint(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). This cancer is caused by benign tumors and other bone diseases, radiation exposure, genetic factors, children, adolescents, males more than females.(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012)

Fresh bone can form in response to cancer spread osteoblastic, grows abnormally and causes the bone to be weak and deformed (Fischer and Quinn, 2011).

Osteosarcoma patients don’t really feel sick, but they do limp more than usual because there knee/arm is heavier and hurts a lot. The bones also start to swell and get bigger which also causes the limping to happen. Most people think that this is just “growing pains” but as they get older they get worse and the pains hurt more. With Osteosarcoma, there is also limitation to movement because of the tumor. There is a lot of bad thing that come with Osteosarcoma, but there is some ways to discover and help get rid of the tumor. Osteosarcoma is usually found out by x-ray machines. They use the x-ray to scan the tumor and to make sure that it is Osteosarcoma, or if it is another type of bone cancer. Usually once they find out about the tumor they will do a biopsy. There are two different kinds of biopsies, a needle aspiration and a surgical biopsy. Whichever they choose may change the outcome of the surgery. Now knowing that there are many bad and good things that can happen there is still one more thing to learn about. Daily

The extensiveness of treatment for an ABC depends on the location, severity, and progression of the disease. Although the treatment spectrum ranges from minimally invasive to more invasive procedures, the standard of therapy is to resect the lesion and prevent it from returning in the future (Dhanasekaraprabu et al., 2013). However, complete resection is not always possible. For instance, it is difficult to completely remove lesion tissue from the proximal region of the metaphysis, and incomplete removal of the tissue leaves the patient susceptible to the development of another lesion at the site (Dormans et al., 2004). Cysts located at the proximal region of the femur are especially at an increased risk of recurrence (Mankin et al. 2005).

Multiple myeloma damages the bones and causes other health problems because of the effect on blood cells. The disease progresses and reduces

It is well known that the highest incidence of osteosarcoma is found in children during early adolescence between the ages of 10 and 14; and in adults older than 65 (Langhorne et al, 2007). There is a higher incidence in children who are tall for their age (Cripe, 2013). Development of osteosarcoma in this age group, may suggest a direct correlation of rapid bone growth with the development of bone tumors (Wang, Chintagumpala, Gebhardt 2013). The risk of developing osteosarcoma during middle age decreases; however, increases again in older adults who have chronic bone conditions or disease (Wang et al, 2013). Osteosarcoma is found more often in males than females and in African Americans versus Caucasian persons (Cripe, 2013). People who have received direct ionizing radiation therapy for the treatment of other cancers may have a higher risk of developing a secondary osteosarcoma (Wang et al, 2013). Higher doses of radiation therapy and the age at which radiation treatment was received have also been associated with increased incidences (Wang et al, 2013). There are genetic syndromes that are associated with higher risk for developing osteosarcoma (Cripe, 2013). These genetic syndromes include: Retinoblastoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Rothmund-Thompson syndrome, and Bloom and Werner syndrome (Langhorne et al, 2007). Persons who have chronic, non-malignant bone diseases such as Paget Disease are also at higher risk of developing osteosarcoma (Wang et al,

There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton; these bones relate to movement, posture, and protect internal organs (American society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Bones connect to bones with ligaments and are covered and protected by cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Cancer of the bone is rare but is caused by normal bone marrow and tissues inside the bone that change and form tumors(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor happens in the bone and is benign it does not spread (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The benign tumor can press against surrounding tissues and weaken the bone it it grows big enough (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Malignant bone tumors break the surrounding tissue and cortex, hard covering of the bone (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor can then get into the bloodstream and spread all over the body (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common type of bone cancer (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is cancer of the cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The last type of bone cancer is chordoma which usually starts in the lower spinal cord (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Ewing sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that affects the hip, rib, and middle of bone most often (National Cancer Institution, 2015). Ewing

Additionally, patients with OFC who have undergone parathyroidectomy begin to show regression of brown tumors within six months. This results from a combination of suppressed parathyroid glands due to prolonged hypocalcaemia, as well as the need for calcium and phosphate in the mineralization of new bone. Around 30% of people with OFC who undergo surgery can also see recurrence of symptoms. The post-surgical surviving rate is around 7 years. Patients who don’t undergo the surgery surviving rate is around 5

To illustrate the danger of canine osteosarcoma, imagine a ten-year-old Saint Bernard that has symptoms of bone cancer. The dog has extreme bone pain and loss of appetite. The dog’s owner and veterinarian decide to give the Saint Bernard pain medication. A few months later, the dog cannot walk and dies. Unfortunately, osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in larger dogs and there is no cure. The most effective way to treat canine osteosarcoma is with amputation and chemotherapy because it manages bone pain, improves the survival time, and increases the survival rate.

Osteosarcomas are primary malignant tumors of the bone characterized by the production of osteoid or immature bone by malignant cells. Although uncommon in general, they are the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and adolescents, and the fifth most common malignancy among adolescents and young adults age 15–19 years old. There is a bimodal age distribution of osteosarcoma incidence, with peaks in early adolescence and in adults over the age of 65. In children, the majority of cases are sporadic, while in older adults, about one third of the cases arise in the setting of Paget disease of the bone. Risk factors include prior irradiation or chemotherapy, Paget disease and other benign bone lesions, and inherited conditions. The majority of patients with osteosarcoma present with localized pain over several months’ duration. The pain commonly begins after an injury and may wax and wane over time. The most important finding on physical examination is a soft tissue mass, which may be large and tender to palpation. Osteosarcomas are commonly found in the metaphyseal region of the long bones, most commonly the distal femur and proximal tibia. Laboratory evaluation may find elevations in alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Characteristic features found on plain radiographs include destruction of the normal trabecular bone pattern, indistinct margins, and lack of endosteal bone

In this paper, Osteosarcoma will be taken apart by details. The symptoms, treatment, signs, and other details will be discussed and explained. In a normal bone for most people there are two types of cells; osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are what build up our bones by forming the bone matrix and therefore gives us the strength in our bones. Osteoclasts on the other hand break down the bone matrix so that we don’t get too much of it and that helps the bones to keep its proper shape. In Osteosarcoma the osteoblasts are what help make up the cancer in the bones. The bones do not have as strong of a bone matrix. This type of cancer is most commonly found in kids and young adults. There are three forms of treatment but not

Malignant bone tumors have a propensity to spread via the bloodstream to various areas of the body, especially to the lungs and other bones. Annually, approximately 2800 new bone sarcomas are diagnosed in the United States. Unlike soft tissue tumors, malignant bone tumors present most commonly with pain. Therefore, these tumors require serious therapy plans that typically involve some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and bone reconstruction. Specifically, the treatment of a malignant tumor calls for resection of the main tumor as well as the normal tissue surrounding the cancerous area. Bone sarcomas can come in three types: Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and Chondrosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary solid malignancy of bone, is defined by the presence of malignant mesenchymal cells that produce osteoid and/or immature bone. The number of osteosarcoma in adolescence is 8-11 million per year at age 15 -19. In contrast, the general population number is 2–3million per year . Males are affected 1:4 times more commonly than females

A systemic contraindication systemic bisphosphonate therapy for malignancy. Extraction in patients receiving such therapy results in osteochemonecrosis, which is more severe than osteoradionecrosis and is more difficult to treat.