Outcomes Based Practice – Underpinning Theories and Principles

Maslow’s theory of motivation is called the “hierarchy of needs”. Maslow believes that people have five main needs in the following order of importance;

With these few thoughts in mind Abraham Maslow made up a hierarchy of needs. (Boeree, Page 2) The hierarchy of needs has five levels: the bottom one is Physiological Needs, the next one up is Safety needs, the next one is Belonging needs, the next one is Esteem Needs and finally the last one is Self-actualization needs. As Maslow thought he “saw human beings needs arranged like a ladder”, the most basic needs at the bottom and at the top the need to fulfill yourself. (pbs.org, Page 1) Below is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Following physiological needs are safety needs. The freedom from being harmed in any way, either in the present or the future, is basically

Within health and social care there are a number of acts and procedures set out in legislation which must be followed. These acts ad procedures influence care settings by offering practical examples of good practice and the way that health and social care should be delivered. They provide advice on how to comply with the law and determine what is reasonably practicable. The acts enforce a duty of care to everyone who is involved at all levels such as the service

The hierarchy of needs of Abraham Maslow is the theory from where the humanistic psychology is built. It is constituted of diverse stages from where a person can move from one stage to another. However, to move to the next stage, the person must complete the previous one. Maslow’s theory suggests each individual have the drive and desire to meet their basic needs in order to meet the fundamental

Outcome based practice, is defined by the Scottish Government as “an outcomes-based approach encourages us all to focus on the differences that we make and not just the input or processes over which we have control” (Scottish Government 2011). In 2011, the English Government launched is first framework of outcomes for adult health and social care. Within this framework, they stated “set of outcomes measures which have been agreed to be of value, both nationally and locally for demonstrating the achievements of adult social care”.

Abraham Maslow’s main goal was to discover why happy individuals were happy in their life, which is a form of self-actualization. In his “hierarchy of needs,” Abraham separated individuals’ needs into the following categories or levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. After testing the experiment,

As these basic requirements affect us all although, we also want love as well as belonging. So, this kind of requirements is more easily followed if our basic needs are met. However, Maslow suggested that we need to have self-actualize, to be what we are as well as to do things better than our selves. As this is a greater order need. Abraham defined that few of us have lack needs or else requirements that are unfulfilled. For instance, individuals who suffer the fears of war when they are kids, as this might have trouble on their rest of their lives for the reason that their requirements went irritated, because kids including the reminiscences of that period in their lives still affect them even if those simple needs are met later in life.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the most important theoretical systems in humanistic psychology. However, the ordering of this system is not accurate and this is evidenced by various criticisms of Maslow’s conception of ‘self-actualisation.’ Individuals do not need to satisfy the lower needs in order to reach self-actualisation, they do not need to conform to Maslow’s idea of self-actualisation, nor do they have to reach it in order to live happy and fulfilled lives. The needs that motivate behaviour cannot be reduced in such a simplistic theoretical system.

Maslow’s self-actualization was developed from his hierarchy of needs. In the hierarchy of needs there are seven stages. Maslow did not feel that self-actualization determined one's life; rather, he felt that it gave the individual a desire, or motivation to achieve budding ambition (Gleitman and Reisberg). As a person moves up Maslow's hierarchy of needs, eventually they may reach the summit self-actualization (Gleitman and Reisberg). The first stage is physiological needs, which are where an individual will find food and water; also they will be able to use basic functions such as sleeping and breathing.

Physiological and Safety needs are symmetrical with the concept behind Motivation 1.0. In our early existence, when there was minimal human development, the goal was to survive. Reaching this target consisted of food gathering, water intake, building shelter, sleep, protection, etc. When life is broken down to its finest pieces, it’s these necessities that ensure survival. Fulfilling these requirements were all that was necessary because human societies were relatively simple. It wasn’t until Earth evolved and human

Abraham Maslow 's concept of self-actualization is the highest achievement in his hierarchy of needs, this concept is that people needs to fulfill the maximum of their life potential, like for example, exercising their all their talents and abilities. According to

Maslow 's idea of self-actualization came with this pyramid that he established. In that pyramid were needs to reach self-actualization which is a state of happiness. His belief was that a person would have to go through each step in order and cannot go ahead without the prerequisite. He starts with Physiological needs which would be air, food, water, shelter, sex, sleep. If we don’t have any of these needs we won’t be able to focus on much else besides those needs.

(Tzortzakis, Tzortzaki, 2007). The Maslow argues that even if it met all the previous requirements, the individual is likely to be unsatisfied or uncomfortable unless achieve the objectives they set, if it succeeds to meet its ideals. Self-Realization is the desire to be someone that a competent person can become. Individuals satisfy this need in different ways. In Maslow so the self-esteem and actualization needs met hardest. These needed to meet the highest standard of living. ( Koufidou 2010 )

• Physiological needs: these are the basic for needs amenities of life such as air, food,