Ovarian Cancer : A Common Gynecological Cancer

Kristin a fifty-six-year-old Caucasian female who has been admitted to the emergency department after complaining of acute abdominal pain lasting three days, bloating with the inability to button her pants, and weight gain despite loss of appetite.  Upon her assessment she has had a long length of family history (maternal side) of cancer which included breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer. She was diagnosed with endometriosis at the age of thirty and reached menopause at fifty-four. With this initial assessment, her symptoms, and lab results she has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

I. Attention: There are a number of researches done about breast and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer is the second largest cause of death in women. Ovarian cancer is the fourth largest cause of death in women, but there isn’t a lot of attention brought to the public by the media. There needs to be more awareness about these types of cancers for better

Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological malignancy; although median age of diagnosis is 56 and older (post-menopausal) it can affect women of any child-birthing age. It is the 5th most common cancer diagnosed in the UK with 7,284 new cases in 2013 (Ovarian Cancer Statistics, 2013) Although the incidence is less than that of breast cancer, there is a greater number of deaths (4,271 deaths) associated with it. Almost three-quarters of the ovarian cancer are diagnosed at late stages after tumors have metastasized within the peritoneal cavity.

Ovarian cancer is cancer that begins in the ovaries. Ovaries are reproductive glands establish only in women. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs journey during the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg embeds and establish into a fetus. The ovaries are also the major cause of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is situated on each side of the uterus in the pelvis. Many types of tumors can generate rising in the ovaries. The majority of these are benign (noncancerous) and never multiply outside the ovary. Benign tumors can be treated effectively by removing either the ovary or the part of the ovary that contains the tumor. Ovarian tumors that are not benign or malignant (cancerous)

2. Herzog, T. J., Armstrong, D. K., Brady, M. F., Coleman, R. L., Einstein, M. H., Monk, B. J., . . . Alvarez, R. D. (2014). Ovarian cancer clinical trial endpoints: Society of Gynecologic Oncology white paper. Gynecologic Oncology,132(1), 8-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.11.008

Ovarian cancer is cancer of the ovaries and is listed as the fifth cause of death in women. Ovaries are the reproductive glands of only females and the main source of a female’s estrogen and progesterone. The ovaries are made up of 3 kinds of cells, which can also develop different types of tumors. Epithelial tumors start from the cell that covers the outer surface of the ovaries. Germ cell tumors start from the cells that produce the eggs. Stromal tumors start from the structural tissues that hold the ovary together and produce the female hormones (1).

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. (2013, June 19). Patient education: Ovarian cancer. Retrieved February 8, 2016, from

Ovarian cancer is less common, with a projected 22, 440 new cases. However, it carries a much higher mortality rate.

When it comes to talking about women and cancer, much of the focus is on breast cancer, with it being the second deadliest cancer for women after lung cancer. But the Foundation for Women’s Cancers estimates more than 98,000 women will be diagnosed with a gynecologic cancer this year, with more than 30,000 will die from it.

Ovarian cancer occurs in the ovaries but is hard to detect when the cancer is still in the first stage. There are many ways of treatment to cure ovarian cancer but is also costly. AJ is a young women who have ovarian cancer. She will undergo tests if she is positive for ovarian cancer. Survival rate are high so AJ might have a chance to be a survivor of ovarian cancer just like her mom.

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer related to the ovaries. It currently accounts for approximately 3% of all cancers in women. Ovaries are comprised of three types of cells, each of them being able to differentiate into a type of cancer. These three types are epithelial, germ, and stromal cells. The most common type of ovarian cancer is derived from the epithelial cells. According to the American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all types of cancer that are related to the female reproductive system. Moreover, it is estimated that approximately 55% of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer die in the first 5 years of diagnosis. However, if the tumor is diagnosed before the age of 65, this percentage decreases.

Ovaries are a pair of female sex organs that store and release eggs in the process of the reproductive system. Ovarian cancer is located in the ovaries where uncontrollable multiplication of cancer cells occur (Garnick, 2014). Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death in women in the United States (Su, 2013). There are over 200,000 new cases each year worldwide and it is common in women over the age of 60 (Brain, 2014). The high mortality rate of ovarian cancer is caused by the lack of a screening techniques to detect it early on (Visintin et al, 2008). Epithelial ovarian cancer, borderline ovarian tumors, germ cell ovarian cancer, and stromal ovarian cancer are four types of ovarian cancer. There are various stages to ovarian

Cancer that begins in the ovaries is known as ovarian cancer. It affects 250,000 women world-wide each year, with 20,000 of these women living in the United States. Each year, 140,000 women die of the disease. In 2014, approximately 14,270 died from ovarian cancer in the United States, making it one of the most deadly cancers for women. If detected early, ovarian cancer is highly treatable; 94 percent of women who are diagnosed during stage one live at least five years after diagnosis.

The BRCA genes are tumor suppressor genes that inhibit tumor growth when functioning normally. When they mutate, they lose their tumor suppressor ability. This results in an increase for women to develop ovarian cancer. Risk factors a 1st degree family member, women who have never been pregnant, increasing age, high fat diet, increased number of ovulatory cycles, and infertility drugs. 90% of ovarian cancer are epithelial carcinomas that arise from malignant transformation of the surface epithelial cells. Germ cell tumors account for

Statistics reveal that 200,000+ cases of ovarian cancer are found and diagnosed yearly. Day after day, people talk about the existence of ovarian cancer and how it has and still is nega-tively impacting others. Ovarian cancer has been documented and researched 150+ years. The cancer begins in the female ovaries, which are the eggs that get fertilized during sexual reproduc-tion and produce hormones. The ovaries are located on both sides of the women's uterus. Through metastasis, the disease can spread from the uterus to the abdomen, even though the can-cer is mainly caused in the uterus. Reference.com states, “According to the National Ovarian Cancer Coalition, in women between the ages of 35 and 74, the fifth-leading cause of cancer-related