Ovarian Cysts Research Paper

To reduce the risk of ovarian or breast cancer some choose to have a procedure done known as an oophorectomy. This is a removal of your ovaries on each side of your uterus that contain eggs and secrete the hormones that control your reproductive cycle. This greatly reduces the amount of hormones estrogen and progesterone circulating in your body which is the hormones breast and ovarian cancers need to grow. Though a generally safe procedure with small risk complications

Ovarian cysts are fluid filled sacs on the ovary and can occur at any time from puberty to menopause. Intact ovarian cysts are asymptomatic however should it rupture as it has in the case study the immediate surgery is necessary the repair the haemorrhage. (Bullock & Hales, 2013)

The general perception is that you cannot get rid of an ovarian cyst without going under the knife. You may be willing to undergo surgery for the same, but if you apply some genuine ways, you can get rid of it without visiting a surgeon. You don’t need to operate in order to get rid of the cyst. By applying these tips, you can achieve it without stepping out of your door.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a hormonal disorder which effects around five million women of reproductive age in the United States (activebeat.co). The ovaries and adrenal glands excrete abnormally high levels of male hormones which prevents the regular release of an egg, causing many fluid filled sacs, or cysts, to form on the ovaries. Several types of cysts can be found on the ovaries of someone diagnosed with PCOS, the most common being those developed during the menstrual cycle, functional cysts. Follicular cysts are a subcategory of functional cysts formed by the overgrown follicle resulting from an unreleased egg. When a follicle ruptures following the release of an egg, the follicle may reseal and cause fluid buildup, resulting in a corpus luteum cyst; these cysts may enlarge considerably, causing pain, bleeding, or twisting of the ovary (PCOS Awareness Association). Some cysts resolve themselves in one to three months while others grow to be painfully large and require surgery to remove.

Radiologic abnormalities on an ultrasound would show polycystic ovaries. Polycystic ovaries are the formation of clusters of pearl-sized cysts containing immature eggs in the ovaries. In healthy women, a follicle grows and at the time of ovulation, an egg is released into the Fallopian tube. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the development of the follicle is arrested and the egg does not burst forth. Therefore, the egg dies and the follicle becomes a cyst that remains in the ovary (Banning 635-636).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal endocrine disorders in women. This syndrome includes multiple cysts in your ovaries that are filled with fluid. It can be easily seen on an ultrasound when there is a string of pearls(cysts) on your ovaries. Many women experience infrequent periods, weight gain, elevated hormone levels and type 2 diabetes.

with each one containing an immature ovum. Through cyclic changes, 1 or 2 of these follicles become mature, releasing an oocyte, and thus resulting in fertilization or menstruation (Stanfield, 2012, p.646). However, with polycystic ovarian syndrome these cyclic changes are effected. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is defined by many symptoms, however, numerous cysts on the ovaries and chronic anovulation from hormone imbalances, normally characterize it.

After review of system, physical examination, and pelvic examination, which was noticed a swelling on one of her ovaries; therefore, a pregnancy test, a CA-125 blood test, and an ultrasound test were ordered to confirm suspicions of an ovarian cyst or ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the ultrasound test will help to determine the size, correct location, shape, and composition of the cyst such as solid or fluid filled. If it is an ovarian cyst most likely the composition of the cyst will be fluid filled, which most of the ovarian cysts are benign and do not require surgical intervention. It can be treated with birth control pills, treatment to shrink

Epithelial tumors about ninety percent of ovarian cancer develop in the epithelium, which is the thin sheet of tissue that protects the ovaries. This form of ovarian cancer generally occurs in postmenopausal women. Germ cell carcinoma, making up about five percent of ovarian cancer causes, begins in the cells that form eggs. Germ cell carcinoma can transpire in any woman; however, it tends to be found in women who are just entering adulthood. There are several different varieties of germ cell carcinoma that exist, but the three most familiar types are teratomas, dysgerminomas and endodermal sinus tumors. Most of the tumors that surface in the germ cells are not cancerous. However, stromal carcinoma tumors ovarian stromal carcinoma are malignant, accounting for about five percent of ovarian cancer cases. These tumors emerge in the connective tissue cells that connect the ovaries together and those that produce female hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. The two most common types of tumors are granulosa cell tumors and sertoli leydig cell tumors. In contrast to epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 70 percent of stromal carcinoma cases are detected when they are in the beginning stage. Small cell carcinoma of the ovaries is a rare, distinctly c tumor that affects primarily young women whom have an average age of 24 years old. The subtypes of small cell carcinoma of the ovaries includes pulmonary, neuro-endocrine and hypercalcemic small cell carcinoma of the ovaries accounts for 0.1 percent of ovarian cancer instances. Approximately two thirds of patients with small cell carcinoma ovaries have hypercalcemia which is when there is an abundant amount of calcium in the blood. (``Types of Ovarian Cancer``,

Women who suffer endometriosis often undergo conservative surgery such as a laparoscopy or laparotomy in an effort to remove the endometriosis without damaging normal tissue and the reproductive organs ( Hogg & Vyas, 2015.) A laparoscopy allows surgeons to examine the pelvis, abdomen and organs through a small incision usually near the navel ( The Royal Australian And New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006) In an effort to create more space to work in, the surgeon expand the abdomen cavity using carbon dioxide gas which is inserted through a needle. The needle is then replaced by the laparoscope for the doctor to examine the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and other organs (The Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006). Using the small incisions created in the patients’ abdomen, the doctor will insert surgical instruments and begin to cut and remove damaged tissue. Once the endometrial tissue is removed, the doctor will remove the instruments and put a single stich in the incision (The Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006) A successful laparoscopy manages chronic pelvic pain by delaying or stopping the progress of endometriosis (The Australian and New Zeeland College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2006). Alternatively, the surgeon may decide to perform a

Most of these tumors listed above are benign meaning that they are non-cancerous and can be either treated by removing the ovary or removing part of the ovary. Malignant tumors are cancerous and therefore have to undergo further treatment such as chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer ranks fifth in cancer deaths among women, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. A woman 's risk of getting ovarian cancer during her lifetime is about 1 in 75. Her lifetime chance of dying from ovarian cancer is about 1 in 100 (1).

When you look at me, you catch a glimpse of a “normal” girl. However, I lived most of my life with a secret. That secret is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. This means that there are small cysts growing on my ovaries, that cause hormone imbalances. Although PCOS is harmless there are side effects that make it difficult to live, and anyone with PCOS is at risk for an abundance of secondary health issues.

Fetal ovarian cyst’s size is variable. However, mostly it is small, unilateral, benign, and asymptomatic and regress spontaneously during gestation or during the first months of life. But, complications such as intracystic hemorrhage, rupture and ovarian torsion can occur pre or postnatally and could lead to complete loss of the ovarian

Ovarian cancer is less common, with a projected 22, 440 new cases. However, it carries a much higher mortality rate.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine system disorder, also a hormonal condition in which the ovaries are enlarged with very small cysts on the outer edges. The hormonal imbalance creates problems in the ovaries. The ovaries make the egg that is released each month as part of a healthy menstrual cycle. With PCOS, the egg may not develop as it should or it may not be released during ovulation as it should be. The enlarged ovaries may be filled with small collections of fluid called follicles that can be detected through a thorough ultrasound. PCOS causes a woman’s hormones to be out of balance. It can also cause problems with a woman’s monthly period and it can even contribute to the difficulty for a woman to get pregnant. Knowing