An Introduction of Overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is 4G wireless communications standard radio platform technologies that allow operators to achieve higher peak throughputs than HSPA+ in higher spectrum bandwidth. LTE was developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and this began in 2004, with an official LTE work item started in 2006 and a completed 3GPP Release 8 specification in March 2009. Initial deployments of LTE began in late 2009, and it is part of the GSM evolutionary path for mobile broadband, following EDGE, UMTS, HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA combined) and HSPA Evolution (HSPA+). Although HSPA and its evolution are strongly positioned to be the dominant mobile data technology for the next decade, the 3GPP family of standards must evolve toward the future. HSPA+ will provide the stepping-stone to LTE for many operators. The overall objective for LTE is to provide an extremely high performance radio-access technology that offers full vehicular speed mobility and that can readily coexist with HSPA and earlier networks. Because of scalable bandwidth, operators will be able to easily migrate from their networks and users from HSPA to LTE over time. LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture and is designed to support voice in the packet domain. It incorporates top-of-the-line radio techniques to achieve performance levels beyond what will be practical with CDMA approaches, particularly in larger
Less than a decade ago, the telecom operators in the U.S., Western Europe, and Japan were upgrading their existing networks to high-speed 3G technologies. Now the world telecommunications industry is about the switching to the next-generation super-fast 4G technologies.
With the advent of high technological advancements in the field of telecommunication, it has become necessary to provide full capacity network coverage and high data rates to a user at all places. The research paper will focus on introducing small cells as a solution to the user needs by giving an overview of different kinds of architectures for LTE deployment in small cells and coordination techniques for synchronization between these architectures.
Considering that 75 percent of mobile data use comes from streaming videos, Telstra’s wireless LTE roll out would be huge, as reported by the Financial Review. Gigabit LTE would roll out first in the inner metro areas. However, there is no official information yet if mobile internet plans will be updated with the faster speeds. But the fast speed will not be accessible from mobile phones. Which is why Telstra’s move also prompts Netgear to launch the first Gigabit LTE device called the Nighthawk M1 mobile router which will cost $360. This is because current smart phones in the market cannot access Gigabit LTE.
The initial 4G technology Sprint offered was based of WiMAX technology. WiMAX proved to be fast technology, but lackluster in its performance and capabilities in regards to LTE. LTE has become the primary 4G technology in the United States while development of WiMAX has ceased. In addition, Sprint’s 4G vision has switched to LTE. The question is raised “Why did LTE win over WiMAX?”. From many perspectives, LTE proved to be the superior technology.
This article presents an architecture vision to address the challenges placed on 5G mobile networks. A two layer architecture is proposed, consisting of a radio network and a network cloud. Three main concepts are integrated; ultra-dense small cell deployments on licensed and unlicensed spectrum, NFV and SDN and intelligent use of network data. This article proposes a novel 5G mobile network architecture that accommodates the evolution of communication types, end-user behaviour, and technology, trends in end-user and technology that motivate the challenges of 5G network and articulation of a 5G mobile network architecture.
While much of the world is connecting their personal devices to fast data sharing 4G mobile networks, on other hand industry pioneers are shaping next generation networks to feed the world’s increasing
In order to maintain the competitiveness of the 3GPP cellular system, Long Term Evolution (LTE), is developed. For downlink transmission the technique selected is Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In this time and frequency resources are reused in adjacent cells, inter cell interference becomes the crucial limiting factor. This problem can be overcome by using interference mitigation techniques. The
The world today is so deeply evolved with the use of technology a resource. The future of mobile data system has always been a mystery and a question of excitement due to the fact of how different is it going to be from the present generation of mobile data. Mobile data system has been a developing area over the years starting from analogue phone calls to All Internet protocol and communication protocol. The idea for a better and for a more successful next generation of mobile data was inspired from the previous generation. Also, with the development of various apps in smartphones and tablets with data services, it made a plus point in the people’s electricity usage or having to turn of electronic appliances. The term “5G” is the next big
(4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) to provide higher data rates to end users by improving spectral efficiency, deploying more base stations, and/or aggregating more spectra. While some of the LTE enhancements, such as advanced multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Coordinated multipoint (CoMP), heterogeneous networks (HetNets), and carrier aggregation (CA), deliver the additional capacity needed to sustain the traffic surge for the next few years, none of them is seen as a viable solution to support the hundreds of times more traffic demands foreseen in 2020 and beyond, the so-called 5G era[5]. However, it is expected that in 5G millions more base stations (BSs) with higher functionality and billions more smart phones and devices with much higher data rates will be connected.[6]. In 5G mobile communication it is expected to have the presence of higher traffic volume, increased indoor or hotspot traffic, and higher energy [7]. The growth of wireless system capacity ever since the invention of the radio right up to the present can be attributed to three main factors: increase in the number of wireless infrastructure nodes, increased use of radio spectrum, and improvement in link efficiency. These three ingredients continue to be the dominant drivers of wireless capacity growth today [8]. As it is
Now the ever growing need of high mobile data services led to the new generation i.e. 4G (The Fourth Generation) of the mobile communication that tends to support all these
The era of new wireless communication is evolving and it will soon penetrate into daily life and change the way we live. The key concept is integrating the 4g capabilities with all of the existing mobile technology. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of different aspects of 4g technology which include its features, proposed architecture and key technological enabler.
The revolution of network technology began several years ago, with fourth generation (4G) network being the recently technological innovative of the internet world. Therefore, 4G networks is the fourth generation wireless network, which set the stage for broadband mobile communication that will succeed the third generation (3G) network which is currently in use in some many countries around the globe. It also provides mobile ultra-broadband internet access with USB wireless modem to laptops and even Smartphone ( HYPERLINK "https://profiles.google.com/118388133610479779997" Sascha Segan, 2011).
4G allows IP-based voice, information and streaming multimedia at higher speeds and offers no less than 100 Mbit/s with high versatility and up to 1GBit/s with low portability (traveling). Various advancements thought to be 4G measures incorporate Long Term Evolution (LTE), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) and the IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) standard. At the point when utilized as a part of MIMO frameworks it would have the capacity to give high information rate up to 100Mbps furthermore give QoS and Security administrations to end clients. The 4G goal is to meet difficulties displayed by the perpetually
The 2.5G it is basically an enhancement of the two major 2G technologies to provide increased
3G could finds an application in wireless voice telephone, mobile internet access, fixed wireless internet access, video calls and mobile TV. 3G show all collection of technology to