Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were analytical grade, purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. Experiments were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and 0.1 M carbonate buffer pH 10. The deionized water (18.2 MΩcm, Mili-Q water purification system) was used for the preparation of solutions.
UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy
Spectroscopic measurements were carried out using a JASCO V-630 spectrophotometer equipped with the peltier-controlled ETCR-762 model accessory (JASCO Corporation, Tokyo, JP). Absorption spectra of mitoxantrone with a varying wide concentration range of SDS have been recorded using a matched pair of quartz cuvettes of 1.0 cm optical length in the temperature range of 293.15 K to 323.15 K with an increment of 10 K interval. Mitoxantrone-SDS binding constant and micelle/water partition coefficient were determined from the monomer absorbance (660 nm) of solutions containing a fixed mitoxantrone concentration and increasing surfactant concentrations. All measurements were done at least in triplicate. Binding constant was determined by nonlinear fitting of the spectral data using the following equations [22]:
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Partition coefficient (Kx) was determined from the following equation, according to the pseudo-phase model [23, 24]:
Heroin, a powerful narcotic, acts upon the brain as a painkiller, increasing physical addiction and ongoing emotional dependence (Schaffer Library of…). Heroin has many challenging and highly risky effects on the user, all the more hazardous if overdosing is present. This extremely dangerous drug, heroin, will never cease being used, but may cease the existence of an individual.
Last year there were over 64,000 reported opioid-related deaths in the United States – making it the leading cause of accidental death in people under the age of 50 in this country (Katz). Opioids, also referred to as painkillers, have become a growing problem over the past two decades particularly in rural communities all across the country where the death rates are higher per capita compared to the death rate in cities (“America’s Opioid Epidemic is Worsening”). These narcotics, such as codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, morphine and oxycodone are extremely addictive and, as a result, this silent killer has quadrupled the overdose death toll since 1999
In our experience with Pharmasim we learned that Marketing decision making must be very sensitive and responsive to everything going on in the industry which is very complex. Consumer responses to marketing tactics can be volatile and unpredictable and no idea is guaranteed to work well. Marketing is a matter of meticulous research, assumptions, planning, and volatility at times. Overall we took away two major points: 1) that it is important to consider the product lifecycle in evaluating how to promote businesses and, 2) that the “Sweet Spot” as a competitive advantage should be the greatest point of consideration when evaluating how to best gain leverage to beat the competition in the minds of
Society today has been clouded and somewhat overtaken by social drugs. Wherever you may look, a drug is being used, whether it is more commonly a cigarette being smoked on the street, or the covert teens smoking marijuana in secluded areas. In any case, there is not one person who can say drug use is not prevalent, since society has made it clear through news, music and everyday life. However, there are certain drugs that seem to be worse than others, and society once again has taught us that through our laws and restrictions. The worse the drug, the more you pay for having it. Basically, drugs have become a part of our life, and you never know when they can land on your doorstep.
In this experiment, there were 6 different test tubes, each containing a different amount of phosphate concentration. Using a balance, 1 g of phosphate in a 400 mL beaker was measured and then inserted into a 100 mL graduated cylinder. 5 mL of ammonium vanadomolybdate (AVM) was added, along with deionized water until the solution reached to 25 mL. Then the solution was poured into one of the six test tubes. Another test tube contained 2 g of phosphate (phosphate was again measured using the balance) and the step described earlier was repeated until five of the six test tubes were filled, each with the same volume of 25 mL. The sixth test tube was filled with only deionized water, with 25 mL as the volume. A spectrophotometer was then used to determine the percent transmittance for each solution. The absorbance was also calculated using the equation A = -log (T). Each given amount of phosphate was converted into moles and then applied the value of .025 L for the volume to calculate the molarity of phosphate in each solution.
To help with the quick admission, intranasal administration is a convenience to those who have to administer Naloxone because intranasal Naloxone has a preset dosage. While intranasal Naloxone is easier to administer, intravenous and intramuscular Naloxone administrators have a choice on the dose to give. Advanced EMTs have enough knowledge to choose the dose of Naloxone to give the patient to keep the patient alive. Intranasal was not approved until November of 2015 when the FDA approved a highly concentrated spray form of Naloxone (Strang et al. 576). Intranasal administration only allows one dose to be given compared to Intravenous administration which allows a more adjusted dosage of Naloxone to be given. According to Ott, an
When concerned with the ethics of development in a global environment, the issue of drug abuse is of particular importance. All of the different aspects of the drug trade impact a nation, and specifically the development of a nation within a global environment. Within the United States, drug abuse has been prevalent among specific populations in society for almost a half of a century now. Historically speaking, drug abuse has erupted in many directions; new drugs have offered new markets, new trends have developed new habits. These patterns have become societal concerns on many levels. The creation of new drugs has added another dimension to prescriptive drug abuse. Though science is making
Throughout the Mexican revolution, songs from northern Mexico emerged telling stories of heroism and defeat. Moreover, these corridos, translated into English meaning ballads, were influenced by 14th-century romantic Spanish notes. Further, these ballads, commonly performed by individuals who lack formal musical training and embrace the use of the accordion and tuba in the melody (Madrid 2013, 92). The result of these factors is a musical genre considered unrefined and unsophisticated by most of Mexico until the music’s growth in popularity in the 1970s.
Heroin addicts have the psychological dependence on heroin that leads them into the state of self-destruction and the possibility of leading to death by the extreme use of heroin. Never estimate the poppy flower for its power that withholds the fiends to their mentality enduring the euphoria enslavement of the mind that contained for many centuries. The heroin addiction nation is a self numbing injection and dry approach to have the mind under the state of the greatest feeling of great happiness leaving the pain behind under the spell of heroin. Heroin comes in many forms for addicts to enjoy in their own way. They come in powder and rock like form that is combined with other narcotics. The snorting form for heroin is not
1. Identify potential sources of synergy in the proposed acquisition of Star Genomics. Identify a set of problems that the acquisition may create. How can Pills & Co. address them? From the strategic viewpoint, does it appear to be a sensible acquisition for Pills & Co.?
Researching Xanax abuse in college-aged students, I explored the effects and consequences of this addiction. Doctors prescribed this drug for people diagnosed with severe anxiety and depression. According to RehabCenter, despite the high rate of abuse, Xanax remains the ninth best-selling drug in the United States. Young adults tend to use this drug to amplify the effects of alcohol. Circulating the streets, this drug commonly goes by “xans” or “bars”. Taking Xanax with alcohol or on their own, past users can guarantee negative effects such as severely impaired judgement. Advocating never taking this drug, I believe only a doctor’s prescription should excuse consumption.
Odella Malédiction awoke with a half groan and a full sob her head ached she was bone tired and her body felt like she'd had molten lava poured in her bones. She let out with another sob and part of a wail and was promptly rewarded by a loud raucous voice cursing and the pile of what she'd thought were blankets sitting up to reveal a woman in her late thirties to early forties with a smushed in nose and bright albeit very squinty eyes. The woman pushed herself up with a heave and brought Odella what smelt like a vile concoction of herbs, muddy rain water, and something else which she could not name… it also strangely enough smelt medicinal. “Drink!” the woman squawked out, the commanding tone in her voice told Odella that it wasn't the first
Opium- an addictive drug originally used as a painkiller. It is obtained from the unripe seeds of the opium poppy and can be made into substances that a person can smoke causing relaxation, alleviated anxiety, and a state of euphoria. Continued use of the drug also induces deterioration to the mind and body of a person eventually causing death. The substance was therefore stated illegal in China during the late 18th Century yet consistently smuggled into the country via British merchant ships. As the Chinese placed more restrictions on trade in an effort to abolish the importation of opium, the battle against the drug raged on until war was unavoidable between England and China. It is this war that lasted from 1839-1842
Part 3 of the experiment utilized Spectrophotometry to determine the iron content in the iron (III) oxalate complex. The results were combined with findings from Part 1 and
percent by weight of the oceans and, as a constituent of most rocks and minerals,