PSG: Detecting Sleep Disorders

Sleep disorders alter ones sleep pattern and often results in the inability to either sleep or sleep soundly. They often cause you to feel restless, tired, fatigued, and irritable. It is estimated that nearly 75 percent of adult Americans experience sleep disorder symptoms at least a few nights per week. At the same time, sleep disturbances in some form are seen in as many as 25 to 30 percent of infants and children (“Sleep Disorders” 2013). Clearly a huge conundrum in the world, sleep disorders affect an inordinate amount of people. Millions of people suffer or have suffered from a sleep disorder at one point in their lives and if mistreated can impact organ systems functioning negatively. Physical disturbances, medical issues,

Thesis: Sleep plays an essential part in a person’s health and well-being; the way we feel while awake is dependent upon what happens to your body while asleep.

represented within the studies, thereby reducing selection bias with regards to race. Wang et al. (2013) and Holmedahl et al. (2014) took the measurements at a hospital sleep center. Azuma et al. (2014) obtained study subjects from an urban wholesale company in Japan, with the measurements coming from portable monitors worn at the office and at home over the course of one week. Stanchina et al. (2013) used records from hospital outpatients. The remaining studies used measurements taken from university sleep laboratories.

Sleep consultation was performed by a physician specialized in sleep disorders. Patients underwent comprehensive medical history and complete physical examination. All subjects completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) within few days of the sleep study. The ESS is a self-administrated questionnaire that asks subjects to rate how likely they would have dozed (fallen asleep) in 8 specific situations or activities that are commonly met in daily life. The chance of dozing is rated on a scale of 0-3 (0 = would never dose, 1 = slight chance of dozing, 2 = moderate chance of dozing, and 3 = high chance of dozing). The total ESS score is the sum of 8-items scores and can range between 0 and 24. The higher

Sleep has a major function in the physical and mental health of an individual. It is important to assess elements of sleep disorders when evaluating for any mental health condition. According to Perese (2012), “Psychiatric disorders characterized by sleep disturbances include anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease” (pp 222-223). Normal sleep length should be at least 7 or 7.5 hours per night and when poor sleep pattern exists, it could affect alertness, memory, cognition, creativity and quality of life (Perese, 2012). Sleep-wake disorders can be described as any problem with sleeping including; difficulty falling or staying asleep, sleeping too much, sleeping at the wrong time and abnormal behaviors during sleep (MedlinePlus, 2015). According to DSM-5 (2013), “Sleep-wake disorders encompasses 10 disorders or disorder groups: insomnia disorder, hypersomnolence disorder, narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorders, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep arousal disorders, nightmare disorder, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, restless leg syndrome, and substance/medication-induced sleep disorder” (p. 361).

Sleep has been an important topic of research for many years. Early sleep literature only reported observations from sleep habits to compare and contrast with the data taken from the wake state. Before the majority of the science behind sleep was discovered, it was assumed that sleep was when the brain “turned off” and was in an entirely homogeneous state (Dement, 1998). Slowly, advancements were made in the study of sleep, including in 1729 when Jean Jacques d’Ortous deMairan demonstrated the persistence of circadian rhythms and in 1877 when narcolepsy was first described in medical literature (Dement, 1998; “Sleep Research Timeline”, 2017). Sleep research has since become much more advanced and is progressing quickly.

sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue, sleep deprivation and restless leg syndrome (RLS) are increasingly seen in clinical practice. Sleep is considered vital for the preservation of daytime cognitive function and physiological well-being. The insufficient sleep can have detrimental effects on work-life balance, health and global security. The economic burden resulting both at individual and social levels is important. Moreover, sleep disturbances are often associated with other major medical problems such as chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, mental illness, dementia, gastrointestinal disorders and diabetes mellitus. So in order to properly care for patients with

Sufficient sleep is defined as 7 or more hours in a 24-hour period. Poor sleep health is a common problem in the U.S. with 25 percent of adults reporting insufficient sleep for at least 15 out 30 days (2009). Over the last 30 years, the odds of being a short sleeper (less than 6 hours a night) has increased notably in the United States (Knutson et al. 2010). Currently, it is estimated that approximately 70 million Americans have sleep problems and that nearly 60 percent of them have a chronic disorder. Possible chronic disorders include; sleep apnea, narcolepsy, insomnia, parasomnia, jet-lag syndrome, and disturbed circadian rhythms (National Institutes of Health).

Moreover, many of the claims the article makes, as outlined above, have a biological and psychological scientific basis; however, the article fails to mention the sources from which its conclusions was drawn from. That said, in this paper three differing journal articles will be presented that focus on the different processes that take place during sleep. The scientific journal articles will be analyzed and compared to the Cosmopolitan article. as summarized above.

It has been scientifically proven that sleep is a crucial biological task that our body performs to maintain optimal functional capacity(Xu, Q. 2010). According to data collected by National sleep foundation short sleep deprivation is linked with many side effects, such as, increased risk of

The individuals suffering from these disorders usually present with sleep/wake complaints of dissatisfaction regarding the quality, timing and amount of their sleep. These disorders habitually result in daytime distress and impairments, which are the core features, shared by all of these sleep

Sleep is essential to life, as it can affect how we look, feel and perform on a daily basis. Sleep deprivation can have a major impact on our overall quality of life. On average, we spend a third of our life asleep. Sleep regenerates our brains and bodies, and without it we cannot function effectively. During sleep the body undergoes several physiological and psychological processes; processing information, learning and consolidating memories. New knowledge about the importance of sleep, the health consequences of chronic sleep deprivation, and sleep disorders has suffered in recent years. Chronic sleep loss and untreated sleep disorders have a profound and diverse impact on health, behavior, and quality of life (Robotham, 2011).

Some typical sleep disorders include narcolepsy, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless-leg syndrome. Lack of sleep can lead to serious health issues, including stress, a weakened immune system, and weight gain. By using cutting-edge sleep-study technology, the experts at Island Hospital can identify what’s causing your sleep issues so that you can seek treatment and finally enjoy a restful night.

Sleeping disorders negatively impact the person, their family, and society. The objective of this paper is to describe the importance and types of sleep, the link between sleep and certain diseases, the effect of sleep disorders on individuals, their families, and society, and how to treat these disorders.

A polysomnogram (PSG) is the most common sleep study for diagnosing sleep apnea. A polysomnogram is a multiple-component test that electronically transmits and records specific physical activities while you sleep. The recordings are analyzed by a qualified sleep specialist to determine whether or not you have sleep apnea or another type of sleep disorder. The Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) is used to classify the severity of the illness: mild AHI 5 to <30; and severe 30 or