The Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Insulin Resistance And Type 2 Diabetes

Total sleep deprivation longer than forty hours proves impossible; however, due to brief periods of micro sleep, it is possible to function properly longer (“Sleep”). Micro sleep represents the body's obvious need for sleep. Even though it only lasts for a couple of seconds, it can have some restorative function to the body, but individuals cannot survive on this; they need a full night’s rest (“Sleep”). Losing more than one night's sleep produces a noticeable increase in irritability, lethargy, disinterest, and even paranoia. An individual’s psychomotor performance and concentration are also affected and eventually immunological functions suffer. Newborns sleep as many as seventeen hours a day, whereas five-year-olds average about twelve hours a night (“Sleep and Sleep Disorders”). For some reason, many people experience the best and most satisfying sleep of their lives during the middle teen years (“Sleep and Sleep

Sleep is a beautiful thing, but people do not get enough of it. It is a time for the body to rejuvenate and process the events of the day. Sleeping is something that we seek out. Getting the recommended amount of sleep allows our body to function properly the next day. Without it, there could be detrimental consequences. The National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke says that without sleep, neurons could be “polluted with byproducts”. In severe cases, people who get very little sleep often experience mood swings, hallucinations and cells do not continue to reproduce.

Studies have shown that daytime drowsiness, reduced alertness, and diminished intellectual performance is the result of poor sleep quality and shortened duration of sleep (Badran, Yassin, Fox, Laher, & Ayas, 2015). Moreover, it has been documented that disturbances in sleep and shortened duration of sleep can have negative effects on quality of life (Badran et al., 2015; CDC, 2013). Furthermore, without exception, sleep is vital for the brain and body to relax and repair itself for the purpose of functioning adequately (Jackson, Redline, & Emmons, 2015). Several epidemiologic research studies have linked untreated sleep-disordered breathing to several negative health and safety repercussions, including the increase threat of diabetes, depression,

Numerous dimensions of sleep are capable of predicting significant health outcomes. Inadequate sleep is a frequently explored area within research and respective associations have been drawn in regards to its effect on both mental and physical health (Kroese, Evers, Adriaanse, Ridder, 2016). Digdon and Howell (2008) note procrastination to be the inclination to postpone task commencement or conclusion, wavering actions, or the demonstration of insufficient time allotment for the accomplishment of tasks. Therefore, opting to go to bed later than primarily intended with no external influence is termed bedtime procrastination (Kroese., et al. 2016).

Sleep duration and quality participate in normal metabolism, function of immune system, mood, and cognitive functioning [1]. Short duration of sleep and circadian misalignment are hypothesized to contribute to many problems of health including over weight, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiac disease, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and

While much research has been conducted regarding sleep deprivation Tatar J, et al. 2006 demonstrates the results of sleep

Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive and psychological well-being of a person. Learning, memory processing and maintenance of the brain are among the most important functions of sleep. In addition to maintaining the brain, sleep has important roles in controlling the

Sleep is essential to life, and it is estimated that humans spend one third of their lifetime sleeping 1. An estimated 50-70 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders, yet only 20% report it to their physicians. Poor sleep may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has serious biological consequences 2. A growing body of literature suggests a relationship between sleep parameters (sleep duration and sleep quality) and morbidity & mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and all-cause mortality 3-8. A recent review summarized 23 studies and

Sleep is a basic human need, it affects how we function on a daily basis and is essential for a person’s health and well being. Sleeping allows the body to recharge and affords the brain the opportunity to integrate important facts, memories and emotional impressions recorded from the previous day. There are five stages of sleep that people go through: Stages one, two, three, four, and Rapid Eye Movement (REM). Sleep is important for all human beings but the amount of sleep each person needs is dependent on many different factors, for example age. Infants generally need sixteen hours of sleep a day, teenagers need about nine hours, and for most adults, seven to eight hours a night is ideal. If people do not sleep enough for several nights they

Recent trends show that people are getting diagnosed with type II diabetes earlier. The rate of type II diabetes in the U.S.A increased by 217% in the 0-44 year old age group between 1990 and 2009 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Several factors increase the risk of developing type II diabetes, including diet, exercise, genetics, and sleep. Less knowingly, prolonged lack of sleep severely damages humans’ health. Sleep and one’s circadian rhythm contribute to maintaining blood glucose homeostasis (ACAM). Through this experiment, we will study the effect of various amounts of sleep on hemoglobin A1c levels among children and teens. Hemoglobin A1c levels are strong predictors of blood sugar control. The hemoglobin A1c level measures the amount of glycated hemoglobin in the blood (AACC). The more glucose in the blood, the higher the hemoglobin A1c level. We hope to use the data from this experiment to find a possible connection between amount of sleep and increased blood glucose levels, while controlling for behavioral changes such as eating habits and exercise times. Previous studies show that extended amounts of less sleep in middle-aged and older adults can increase hemoglobin A1c levels and that can increase risk of type II diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). If our findings are significant, we hope to stimulate further research in this area. This topic was chosen because if sleep does in fact have a connection to

I chose to review the article, “Sleep Duration Versus Sleep Insufficiency as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes” (Altman et al., 2012). This article is particularly interesting to me because the methods and design utilized by the authors are similar to the research that I am currently involved in. I am also particularly interested in behavioral interventions for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. What is currently understood about the relationship between sleep and BMI suggests that these phenomena may have several contributing metabolic factors. During undisturbed, slow-wave sleep, energy is conserved in slower heart rate, digestion, and muscle activity and may be redirected to immune function and hormone synthesis and dispersal during slow-wave sleep (Jung, Melanson, Frydendall, Perreault, Eckel, & Wright, 2010). Thus an appropriate level of quality sleep for humans is important for overall energy homeostasis.

Sleep deprivation is a worldwide epidemic. The increasingly rapid pace of society and round-the-clock access to technology are two factors that play a central role in sleep deprivation (Centers for Disease Control, 2015). Short-term effects of temporary sleep disturbance are typically limited, associated with only minor physiological consequences. However, long-term sleep deprivation (i.e., more than 24 hours) is associated with many harmful consequences (Meerlo, Mistlberger, Jacobs, Heller, & McGinty, 2009). Meerlo et al. (2009) found that sleep disruption leads to reduced neurological functioning, which can have a devastating impact on learning, concentration, and memory. It also increases susceptibility to neurological disorders such as

This paper will explore the study into and the results of a study into any possible connection between insomnia with short sleep duration and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to bring forth a better understanding of why this study was implemented and the benefits, if any, of the results stemming from the study. We will focus on the study itself and of its participants. We will also be providing thoughts on the study 's conclusions and of any ramifications that may arise moving forward, that this study provides. The methods that were used by the researchers were simple in theory and in application. Bring together a group of participants, one thousand seven hundred and forty-one to be precise. Study their sleep patterns for a single night and then follow-up on said participants throughout a fourteen year span. The researchers would attempt to discover any and all links between insomnia with short sleep duration and mortality in men and women with their findings. In doing so, the researchers had hoped that their work would lead to a better understanding of the necessity for the treatment of insomnia, and the need for further studies within this field. These researchers concluded that there is a link between insomnia with short sleep duration with mortality in men, although they were not as successful in finding a similar clear link in women.

Deprivation of sleep has been linked to a variety of health issues from type II diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, to mental health issues such as depression (Porkka-Heiskanen, Zitting & Wigren, 2013). The busy lifestyles of Western culture in the 21st century have increasingly deprived individuals of sleep. This could potentially be a contributing reason that there has been an increase of obesity in cultures such as that of the United States. But what makes humans sleep? Why, as a species, do we need to sleep? Beyond that of feeling tired, science has yet to come to a unanimous decision as to the reasons behind the human race needing to sleep. T. Porkka-Heiskanen, K.M. Zitting, and H.K. Wigren reviewed various research studies and compiled a report of some of the various theories as to why humans need sleep and the potential effects of lack of sleep on the human body, both physically and psychologically.

Many factors like eating habits, activity levels are important predictors of health, but not many are as important as the impact that sleep has on someone’s life. Sleep has an overall controlling dictating effect on one’s health habits. With the increasing rates of obesity in both adults and children, research has been making advancements in determining the role that sleep or the lack of it has contributed to obesity in children internationally. Based on my review of the available literature, it seems that insufficient sleep has produced the increase of unhealthy behaviors such as excessive consumption of sugary drinks among young children. With children especially, the proliferation in technology available to them is making a real influence on the hours of slumber they get and are thus indirectly impacting the rest of their health through the modification of their choices in nourishment.