Palean Basket Essay

Chapter Nine goes into detail about the late Paleoindian Period the growth of agriculture in North and South America. Clovis points appeared all over the Americas attesting to a continent-wide networking. However, as time pasted distinctive points and tools began to pop up based on region and the needs it provided for. In fact, a common theme of this chapter was the Native Americans ability to exploit their resources and maximize their intake of food sources.

The author mentions the use of carbon dating, pollen analysis, archaeology, and paleontology to help develop a time frame of when the island was settled, and when it encountered problems. This should have been discussed in more detail with proper referencing in order to strengthen this article. These diciplines are useful and necessary to form a forensic picture of what the island would have been like, and when it would have started to decline. What he successfully proves was that there was a

Although, no credible information regarding burials has been discovered, Headrick claims the highest-ranking ancestors underwent mortuary bundles, a treatment in which their remains are wrapped in assemblages (chapter 3). Mortuary bundles have not been found at Teotihuacan, thus, Headricks supports her claims by presenting information regarding mortuary bundles found in the Classical Maya and the Mixtec. Assimilating information about the treatment in those cultures and the discovery of the three stone masks, Headrick proposes that stone masks were likely tied to mortuary bundles as they are largely depicted in the city’s artistic record (chapter 3). Moreover, Headrick further supports her claim by comparing an archeological find of a ceramic bust with a mask to a similar one elsewhere in Mesoamerica (chapter 3). Headrick’s argument regarding mortuary bundles is convincing and the evidence to support her claim is

This site began its occupation during the Developed Periphrastic Period due to the pottery found in strata 25, 24, 23, and 22. The site was continually used until the Early Pleonastic which is found in strata 18, 17, and 16. The site was abandoned sometime between 1500 BC-800 BC because in stratum 16 there is Early Pleonastic pottery then in stratum 14 there is Late Chiastic pottery. Stratum 14 has Late Chiastic pottery, indicating the site has a population again. However, the stratum is clearly a hole that cuts through strata 15, 16, 17, and 18. In the stratum, burnt animal bones, seeds, broken pottery, and broken groundstones are found, possibly indicating nomadic people travelling through. The C-14 dates on the seeds are 720 ± 30 BC and

The changes in weather in this arid climate and the sand on the shore of Lake Mungo have made the stratigraphic layers help in dating these human remains. The reasons for the age discrepancy include that the age of Mungo I was fifteen to twenty thousand years older than previous radiocarbon based estimates. A significant climatic change happened about forty thousand years ago causing burial practices to adapt to drier conditions.

Most if not all of the historical information that is provided at Town Creek today for visitors to witness is connected to the archaeological excavations that were completed of the area during the middle of the 20th century (NC Weekend). The work for the excavations began in 1937 with Floyd and Minnie Frutchey, but Floyd never got to see the completion of the excavation (Coe, 3). The excavations were completed in the year 1987 (Coe, 11). During the excavations, archaeologists recovered clay pottery, as well as bones from many of the burials that occurred during the time of residence in Town Creek. The archaeological record discovered through the excavations of Town Creek are pertinent in understanding the history of the people that lived on the bank of the Little River before English settlement occurred because very little is known historically about these people. The history of Town Creek remains somewhat a mystery because all that is known about the people and the site is solely based off of the excavations that occurred performed during the 20th century (NC

The state of Petristan is a vast landmass acknowledged as the subcontinent of India, spreading across the watershed of Paratha Valley in the West and Korma River in the East, with the early civilization which ranged from 2700 to 1700 B.C. Recent discoveries have asserted the notion that the early civilization of Paratha Valley has greatly influenced the formation of the Petristan state. Consequently, The Petristan State Archaeological Survey has selected 5000 sherds from eighteen probable sites by random sampling techniques in effort to investigate the proposed postulation. In principal, relative dating method of seriation has been

For years, it had been widely accepted “that small bands of humans carrying a generalized Upper Paleolithic tool kit entered the Americas around 11,500 radiocarbon years before the present” (Waters 1122); and that “Archaeologists called these presumed pioneers the Clovis culture, after distinctive stone tools that were found at sites near Clovis, New Mexico, in the 1920s and 1930s” (Curry 13). However, the “peopling” of the Americas and their presumptive date of arrival is a topic of great debate within the field of Archeology; and the discovery of the Paisley Caves in south-central Oregon has thrown a wrench in the once widely accepted hypothesis that the “Clovis complex is considered to be the oldest unequivocal evidence of humans in the

Archaeology provides clues to the past when no written record existed, making the field the only way to expand the existing knowledge of the Clovis and pre-Clovis cultures. In South America, there is an abundance of archaeological sites dating to both Clovis and pre-Clovis times, but in North America, specifically on the East coast, there are only a handful of excavated sites. In reference to pre-Clovis, this statement is especially true, with varied sites that have not been fully excavated or are not convincing enough to be considered hard hitting evidence in favor of their existence. These sites are the basis for the debate over who came first and if pre-Clovis really existed or not, making the analysis of excavations a key factor to understanding

Double pieces that have lasted over thousands of ages to offer scholars with references to human existence during the Paleolithic period are the Woman of Willendorf figure and the Lion Man of Hohlenstein-Stadel. Each figure is condensed with amazing features, even though they are not thorough to the level of realism. The Woman of Willendorf is one of the best instances of the small ‘Venuses’ that have been uncovered meaning that her persistence was a part of a ethnic set of views about women and fertility. The Lion Man, is a more exclusive artifact that recounts to the complex figures that are recognized from other cultures within which the related mythologies that have been revealed. The Lion Man has no known mythology that is obtainable in known written history to this day. The two pieces propose the unknown about the Paleolithic era, recognizing a sagacity of religion and rituals that were part of the lives of those who lived during that era and enlightening recent scholars on some aspects of the people during that time.

The Olmec’s lived along muddy riverbanks and the Gulf of Mexico around 1500 B.C. Rigorous agricultural practices characterized the Olmec civilization, enabling them to provide food and resources for their families and generate income by selling their food to others around them. They also used the land to their advantage, using the mud to create elaborate earthen pyramids. Along with the cultivation of land, trade contributed to the success of the Olmec’s. They had many widespread trade routes extending into the surrounding areas. Their trade routes further helped to expand agriculture and grow the economy within this society due to the selling of agricultural products along these routes. To grow spiritually, the Olmec’s created religious rituals and a system of hieroglyphics that allowed the peoples to communicate effectively while also uniting the Olmec people as a whole. The Olmec’s’ use of their surrounding geography, combined with the economic growth brought about from extended trade routes and the societal unity brought about from the implementation of religious rituals allowed the Olmec’s to thrive during their time.

The Archaic was a time of mostly small societies that engaged in intensive foraging, with the adoption of farming coming in the late Archaic. By the Middle Archaic we see more cemeteries with burials in mounds, a move towards sedentism, and groups claiming the rights to resources. During the Late Archaic there was a move towards population growth, the beginning of the Eastern Agricultural Complex, trade, pottery, storage, and sedentism. Two Archaic mound building societies were Watson Brake and Poverty Point. Watson Brake in Louisiana is one of the oldest mound sites in North America with dates of 3500 – 3000 B.C., with 11 mounds that are up to 25 feet, connected by ridges, interior ritual spaces, and was occupied year round. Poverty Point is located in northeastern Louisiana and was a pre-agricultural ceremonial center. Poverty Point covers 494 acres and took more than 1,236,007 cu ft of soil to construct (Fagan 2005: 418). Objects discovered at Poverty Point show that they took part in long distance trade and made use of a variety of exotic materials. These materials included: slate, copper, jasper, quartz, and as stated in our lecture there were materials coming from as far as 1,400 miles

Next, he offers information on the geologic setting, along with his associated methods and site information for the Copalis River and Nawiakum River. This information is then supported by a detailed discussion of their findings of charcoal, bones, shell and broken cobbles within their results section. Finally, Cole and associates conclude their research, assessing the implications of their findings and suggestions for future research. A list of references is attached to support the research cited throughout the

Scientists and archeologists have studied Otzi, “The Iceman,” for years but because of the outpouring of evidence above they have concluded that Otzi was a thief stealing wheat was shot in the back by a hunter that was defending his people and resources. The startling discovery of Otzi has presented the scientific community a portal into which they shall hopefully discover more about early hominids and what life for those that came before us. We here at Boyle Post look forward to learning more about ancient peoples because learning about our past can drastically change our

The report also states similar facts to those in Paleolithic and Neolithic Societies, such as examples of developed weaponry, evidence of fishing, and advanced stonework. The first examples of art