PARTIAL (FOCAL) SEIZURE PARTIAL SEIZURE begins focally and results from abnormal electrical discharges in a circumscribed portion of the brain. The partial seizure may be clinically manifested by a comparably restricted disturbance of cognition, behavior, sensation or movement (Marrlow and Redding, 2009).
1. Simple Partial Seizures: Simple partial seizures are defined as abnormal neuronal discharges occurring in only one hemisphere of the brain (partial) in which consciousness is preserved (simple). These episodes usually last a few seconds but can last longer, and are often referred to the individual as an “aura” that portends a second seizure type. Depending on the part of the brain afflicted by the excessive firing, the symptoms of the aura are varied and may include paresthesias, hallucinations, dysphagia, sweating, flushing, or motor disturbances, such as jerking (Clore, 2010).
2. Complex Partial Seizures (Temporal Lobe): A complex partial seizure (CPS) occurs when epileptic activity spreads to both temporal lobes in the brain. A complex partial seizure often occurs after a simple partial seizure. In some children, they lead to tonic-clonic
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Partial seizures with secondary generalization: Spreading of the epileptiform discharge during CPS can result in secondary generalization with a tonic-clonic convulsion. During the spread of the ictal discharge throughout the hemisphere, contra lateral versive turning of the head, dystonic posturing, and tonic-clonic movements of the extremities and face, including eye blinking, may be noted (Kliegman et al, 2011 and Devinsky et al., 2014).
II- GENERALIZED SEIZURES A generalized seizure is one in which the neuronal discharge occurs in both hemispheres of the brain and may involve a depressed level of consciousness (Blumstein & Friedman, 2007 and American Epilepsy society, 2015).There are two main categories of generalized seizures: convulsive and non-convulsive (Clore, 2010).
Convulsive
Partial seizures occur when the electrical activity remains in a limited area of the brain. They account for 40% of childhood seizures, consciousness may be intact or slightly impaired. Partial seizures can be categorized as either simple when they are not affecting awareness or memory, or complex when they are affecting awareness or memory of the events before, during, and immediately after the seizure, as well as behavior. Classic symptoms of a simple partial seizure include jerking, muscle rigidity, spasms, head-turning, unusual sensations affecting either vision, hearing, smell, taste or touch, memory or emotional disturbances. Symptoms of a complex partial seizure include lip smacking, hewing, fidgeting, repetitive, involuntary but
Simple partial: seizures do not cause a loss of consciousness. During a simple partial seizure the person will experience motor, sensory or autonomic symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, strange tastes in their mouth, and an increase in heart rate.
Epilepsy is a disorder that anyone can get. Epilepsy happens in the AREGEF2 Gene, this can lead to a condition called Periventricular Heterotopia, in which brain cells, belong in the cortex are along the ventricles. Major causes that can lead to Epilepsy are head injuries or the disorder can get passed down through genetics. The symptoms of Epilepsy are: Whole body: Fainting or Fatigue, Muscular: Rhythmic muscle contractions, or muscle spasms, Sensory: Aura, or pins, and needles, Also common symptoms: Seizures, amnesia, anxiety, depression, headaches, sleepiness, staring spells, or temporary paralysis after a seizure.
Seizure are uncontrolled or sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain which causes abnormal motor and sensory activity and where the patient becomes unconsciousness. It is caused by the depolarization of the neurons. Any changes that takes place in our body that may be internal or external it can easily stimulate the irritable neurons. Seizure last for a second or a minute, in which the neurons stops unexpectedly. The pattern of electrical activity or brain waves during a seizure can be seen in EEG, by knowing what type of seizure. There are different
Epilepsy is one of the longest disorders that have been around. Dr. John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) was the first person to provide an acceptable classification of seizures to the medical community. Seizures can be classified as a generalized seizure or as a partial seizure. Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain. It can
Seizure is an abnormal electrical activity in a person's brain, seizures can occur on a daily basis. Others have them once every couple of months and many may have them every now and then or never if treated with medication. There are many types of seizure, for some seizures a person may become very stiff leading them to pass out and their whole body shakes, full body-seizures can reduce breathing, bite their tongues causing them to bleed,
There are different kinds of seizures, each having different effects. There is the generalized seizures which is a kind of seizure that affects the entire brain.There is the partial seizures which affects part of the brain. There is non-epileptic seizures, which is not really related to seizures, but it is caused by things,
Types of seizures vary in intensity and effect. Some seizures are hardly noticeable, while others incapacitate the patient. Mild seizures, which can last for a few seconds, do not involve a loss of consciousness, but may change emotions or the way things look, feel, smell, taste, or sound. They may also involve involuntary twitching of an extremity, a leg or arm, and dizziness, a tingling sensation, or flashing lights. More severe seizures can last for a few minutes and involve a loss of awareness or consciousness. Other symptoms include repetitive movement, such as hand rubbing, chewing, blinking, staring, or walking in circles. With tonic-clonic seizures, also known as grand mal seizures, the body initially stiffens briefly, then begins to convulse. The teeth will clench sometimes biting the tongue, causing bleeding from the mouth. There may also be increased salivation causing foaming at the mouth. Additionally, a loss of control of bladder or bowel functions may occur. An epilepsy patient will typically have the same type of seizure, whether mild or severe, so symptoms will be similar from episode to
Epilepsy/seizure – caused by an abnormal electrical condition in the brain producing: absences, convulsions, unusual movements, temporary loss of consciousness.
Generalized seizure is a type of seizure that starts in one area of the brain and spreads to other hemispheres. Drug that can be use is Carbamazepine. Tonic-clonic seizure is a type of seizure that exhibit repeated jerking motion and fainting. Drug that can be use is ethotoin (Peganone). Absence seizure is s type of seizure that consists of spontaneous loss of consciousness, and individual exhibit blinking or staring for a few seconds. Drug that can be use is valproic acid. Partial seizure is a type of seizure that consists of one area of the brain with no additional effects of other part of the brain. Drug that can be use is phenytoin (Dilantin). Status epilepticus is s type of seizure that reoccurs often and rapidly. Drug that can be use is diazepam (Karch, 2013, pg. 379).
Those seizures affect the whole body and brain of the patient, and are much more serious than partial or focal seizure, which only affects one muscle or one part of the body,
There are several different types of seizures and clinical manifestation depends on the type of seizure. One of the most significant seizure, generalized tonic-clonic seizure has two important symptoms that precedes the onset of seizure. Just prior of initiation of generalized tonic-clonic seizure one may experience an aura, that is partial seizure that involves auditory, visual, gustatory, and olfactory distortions (McCance & Huether, 2014). The person may also experience feeling of numbness, dizziness, anxiety and nausea. A prodroma is a term for another early manifestation that may occur hours to day prior a seizure. Headache, malaise, depression are early symptoms (a prodroma) of a seizure.
A seizure is caused by a sudden burst of abnormal electrical and chemical activity in the brain. This activity temporarily interrupts normal brain function.
People uneducated about Epilepsy may have confused thoughts on what it really is. People have these "notions," which are partly or entirely not true. So, throughout this research paper, these notions will be proven untrue, mostly by factual information given by
The individual may appear to be in a trance and moves randomly with no control over body movements. The individual's activity does not cease during the seizure, but behavior is random and totally unrelated to the individual's surroundings. This form of seizure may be preceded by an aura (a warning sensation characterized by feelings of fear, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, or strange odors and sensations).