Paternity Testing And Paternity Test

DNA testing has overthrown the way police collect evidence in a number of criminal cases, especially rape and murder and consequently had a large impact on many past cases. However there are many disadvantages to DNA testing, such as a challenge of accuracy, the costs of DNA testing and the possible misuse of DNA. The prospect of a national DNA database in Australia has been heavily criticised with complaints of invasion of privacy and stigma against those with terminal diseases.

Type AB: The genotype is AB. The antigens on the blood cell are A and B. There are no A or B antibodies in the blood plasma.

Biological parents- the parent who has provided the genetic material, either sperm or an ovum, to create a foetus

The Australian Institute of Criminology has produced documentations explaining “the technique of ‘DNA identification’ compares the DNA of two bodily samples to ascertain whether or not they came from the same human being. Identity of DNA in the cells across both samples implies that the samples are derived from the same person (or identical twins); non-identity implies different human sources.”

Blood type is the type of blood a person has that is passed down from the parents. The goal of this experiment was to find out if all the children were Mr. Johnson’s. The guided question was “Are all of Mr. Johnson’s children his biological offspring?” This relates back to the background information because the group had to find the blood type of each child and relate it to Mr. Johnson’s blood type.

of a DNA fingerprint conducted on three babies and three sets of parents to determine

There are four blood types found in humans. These are A blood type which has the genotype either AA or AO, B blood type which has the genotype either BB or BO, AB blood type which has the genotype AB, and O blood type which has the genotype OO. These genotypes show a combination of complete dominance and codominance. A and B traits are dominant to the recessive O trait, however, the A trait is codominant to the B trait. Each blood type codes for certain antigens. A blood codes for the A surface antigen, B blood codes for the B surface antigen, AB blood codes for both the A and B surface antigen, and O blood does not code for a surface antigen. Therefore to determine one’s blood type a test can be performed

No two people, except identical twins, have identical DNA sequences, which makes DNA testing appealing to law enforcement. Two types of DNA testing include short tandem repeat and variable number tandem repeat. Short tandem repeat requires less DNA compared to variable tandem repeat, which is “useful when a sample has been degraded at the crime scene.” (“DNA Evidence”) Whilst DNA evidence is a useful weapon in solving crimes, it is not infallible; therefore, it needs to be used with caution, especially with partial DNA profile,

The biological father of a child conceived or born during the father’s marriage to the birth mother,

Genetic testing is when tests are done on the blood and other tissue to find genetic disorders in an individual. It is used as a healthcare tool to detect gene variants associated to a certain disease or disorder, and is used non-clinically for paternity testing and forensics. There are many different methods of testing, usually done with a blood sample. Other methods include diagnostic testing, carrier testing, prenatal testing, pre-implantation genetic testing, newborn screening, pharmacogentic testing, and a few others.

DNA is one of the most important pieces of evidence that a criminal justice agent can use in a court of law. There ae slim to no crimes committed that doesn’t have some type of DNA evidence left behind. Some DNA evidence could be, but not limited to, fingerprints, blood, hair, and any other bodily fluids. DNA is known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid, and is one of two types of molecules that encode genetic information (Medicine.net, 2017). DNA is characteristically unique to each person individually, unless they are a twin. DNA dictates a person’s look such as their eye color, blood type, height, hair color, skin color, etc. With this genetic information, intense testing can be done to find who may be connected to the genetic makeup of each stand

Biological father consists of the male genetic contributor to the creation of the baby. Legal father is a recognized by the law as the father of the child (i.e. step parent or adoptive parent). Willing parent are grandparents or relatives that nurture the orphans. In the early 1900s, social scientists have concentrated on families that lack the male’s biological kinship to the child as opposed to the universally accepted maternal kin (Furstenberg & Harris, 1992, p. 197). As a man raising his children, married or not, Grace Massey explains that they are, “expected to ‘prove’ their manhood through providing the primary economic support of their families and the lack of means to play this role puts ‘manhood’ for Black men at risk” (1991, p.

The use of gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments by size and charge can be used in genetic testing, like paternity or maternity tests. This method could allow the DNA of the child to be accurately compared with the DNA fragments and banding patterns of one of the parents. This can allow one to determine the biological parents of a child. Another important use of DNA fingerprinting is the diagnosis of many inherited diseases. The DNA fingerprint of a person can allow doctors to determine if they carry an inherited disease through comparison of the band patterns, and if they are diagnosed, a treatment for the disease can be provided early on. DNA fingerprinting is extremely useful and essential in the improvement of lives through the medical field, as well as its other uses in solving crimes and cases of biological

The results of the visual DNA test said I am a “Harmonizer”, a lover and hugger, sympathetic, reflective, sometimes reserved, deep thinker, with clear values and well-informed views. The results say that I am diligent, appreciate life, that I am fair and look at the big picture, I am loyal and supportive, and appreciate communication. According to the TAT test, I scored higher than the average person on achievement (9.38 vs. female average 5.6), need for power (4.17 vs. female average 1.8), positive emotions, (4.17 vs. female average 2.1), and on social words (13.54 vs. female average 12.0). I had zero percent on both self-reference vs. the female average of 0.8, and on negative emotions vs. the female average of 1.6.

The blood grouping systems commonly used include the ABO system that was first described by Karl Landsteiner. The discovery of blood grouping systems helped to avoid unnecessary death emanating from blood transfusion. The basics of blood grouping systems lie behind the inheritance of genes. The possession and inheritance of blood groups attribute to the parents who combine alleles responsible for the blood groups. The parents thus play a pivotal role in determining the blood groups of the offspring. This paper will work towards the discussion of inheritance of human blood groups.