Essay about Pathophysiology Repeort on Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an increasingly recognized disease in both the pediatric and adult populations. The disease is characterized clinically by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction, including dysphagia, heart burn, feeding difficulty, vomiting, abdominal pain, and food impaction in children. 1 While the symptoms are similar to those of gastroesophageal reflux, the pathophysiology is instead related to chronic antigen and immunologically- mediated inflammation characterized histologically by the prominence of eosinophils, and, critically, the symptoms do not improve with typical anti-reflux treatment. 2 The purpose of this brief review of EoE is to outline the key epidemiology, clinical and pathophysiological characteristics,

the passing of food through the esophagus. Stricture formation can be later addressed by a balloon device inserted into the area to

Gravity, swallowing, and saliva are important protective mechanisms for the esophagus, but they are effective only when individuals are in the upright position. At night during sleep, gravity has no effect, swallowing stops, and the secretion of saliva is reduced. Therefore, reflux that occurs at night is more likely to result in acid remaining in the esophagus longer and causing greater damage to the

Commonly known as heartburn or reflux, is a condition where reflux of the gastric content into the oesophagus leads to symptoms which significantly impact a person's quality of life. Gastroesophageal reflux disease gerd is the most prevalent acid related disorder and is associated with significant impairment of health-related quality of life. Gastroesophageal reflux disease gerd occurs when acid and food in the stomach back up into the esophagus.Gerd often occurs when the lower muscle (sphincter) of the esophagus does not close properly. The sphincter normally opens to let food into the stomach. It then closes to keep food and stomach acid in the stomach. If the sphincter does not close properly, stomach acid and food back up (reflux) into the esophagus. The following may increase your risk for gerd. Gerd may be associated with several extra esophageal syndromes such as chronic cough, asthma, laryngitis, oropharyngeal ulceration and dental erosions. Available evidence indicates that therapy response rates in gerd are related to the degree of acid suppression achieved. Having an appropriate discussion with a physician is key to understanding the condition, available treatment options and the degree to which acid suppression can be achieved.

Nerve problems. These prevent signals from being sent to the muscles of your esophagus to contract and move

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), commonly known as acid reflux disease, is a disorder in which the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) does not completely close and the stomach contents, including the acid, leak back, into the esophagus. The LES is a ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that acts like a valve between the esophagus and the stomach. Your stomach is filled with acid and its main purpose is to digest the foods you eat. This acid is known to be as strong as battery acid, which your stomach was built to handle, but unfortunately your, esophagus was not. This backflow of stomach acid can irritate and sometimes damage the lining of the esophagus. If it is not controlled, acid reflux or GERD can result in serious problems,

GERD is relaxation or incompetence of the lower esophagus persisting beyond the newborn period. Relaxation of the

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter or the ring between esophagus and the stomach. (Cold et al., 2017) Dietary and lifestyle choices contribute to GERD. Foods such as chocolate, peppermint, fried foods, coffee, and alcoholic beverages can cause GERD. GERD is caused by stomach acid moving up into the esophagus. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) signs and symptoms might be pain in the chest that has a burning feeling. This happens after eating most of the time. Other symptoms could be heartburn, nausea, dry cough or a bitter taste. These symptoms can or may get worse when laying down. -Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - One of the tests that can be administered

There are a few diseases that is very commonly diagnosed, especially in the modern and developed countries of the world. One of these commonly diagnosed diseases is, gastroesophageal reflux disease. Within the last three decades the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease has increased by two-fold (Sonnenberg). There are multiple reasons and hypothesis why this disease is so prevalent especially in the wealthier countries of the world. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a digestive disorder that is usually caused by an abnormality in the lower esophageal sphincter allowing reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus (What Is GERD?). When this happens that esophagus will become sore, irritated, and inflamed.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease or G.E.R.D is the result of stomach contents flowing backwards up the esophagus. This paper will discuss the symptoms of G.E.R.D., how G.E.R.D. is diagnosed, the treatment, and ways to prevent the disease. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is treatable with favorable results; however, if left untreated G.E.R.D can cause serious complications over time.

Functional studies showed decreased LES function with a low amplitude of acid clearance and primary esophageal peristalsis in cirrhotics with large varices [9]. These phenomena could also be due to a mechanical effect of the varices. Cirrhotic patients without EV have also esophageal motor disorders and mixed acid and bile reflux as the main pattern whereas the cirrhosis itself was an important causative factor. It is unclear whether this might contribute to bleeding from varices [8]. Data on management of GERD in cirrhosis are few, however, the indications of use for PPIs may remain exactly the same also in patient with cirrhosis of the liver as general population for the treatment of erosive esophagitis or in general the pathology secondary to gastroesophageal reflux acid (10)

The gastrointestinal tract has barriers and secretions to provide protection from gastric acid. Disruptions in the balance between these protective factors and erosive factors can cause injury to the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms of these dysfunctions and injuries are similar and may be difficult to diagnose without a thorough knowledge of the disorders. The purpose of this paper is to describe the normal stimulation and production of gastric acid; the changes in gastric acid stimulation and production that occur with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis; the impact of behavior on pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis;

Hypereosinophillic syndrome (HES) is a rare condition characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia with manifestations of organ system involvement or dysfunction directly related to eosinophilia in the absence of parasitic, allergic, or other causes. Any organ may be involved, including the heart, lungs, spleen, skin, and nervous system. Cardiac involvement causes a significant majority of deaths in severe cases.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an isolated, eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus. It is mostly triggered by food allergy. The commonly involved foods include milk, eggs, nuts, beef, corn, shellfish, and soy. It is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus. Peripheral eosinophilia is common. The inflammation may cause abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. Dysphagia is a late manifestation of chronic disease. The diagnosis of EE requires a biopsy of the esophagus. Strictures may be seen on endoscopy; histopathology reveals mucosal infiltration with eosinophils[52]. Corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors and cromolyn sodium can be used for treatment[53]. In our case the symptoms of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain

The most common complaint of patients suffering from oesophagitis is heartburn (dyspepsia) and regurgitation. While heartburn is a burning sensation caused when the stomach acid comes into the contact with the oesophageal mucosa, regurgitation is defined as the reflux of the stomach contents into the mouth or hypopharynx[4]. Other common symptoms include acid taste in mouth, bloating, belching and pain on swallowing