Pemphigus

Gangrene is a term that is used to identify when a large amount of tissue undergoes cell death (necrosis). Gangrene essentially means death of tissues due to lack of blood supply and invasion of deeper tissues with infection (Porth & Gaspard, 2015). There are two main classifications of gangrene, dry type and wet or moist type (Porth & Gaspard, 2015). There are several other types of gangrene that are rarer, however, all types of gangrene manifest either as dry or wet form (Porth & Gaspard, 2015).

This disease can kill someone and mosquitoes are the ones that carry it. Lots and lots of people were getting it, but George said that if we don’t think about it that maybe, just maybe, nobody in our family will get it. We know that there is always a chance, but we can always hope for the best.

BPAG1 was one of the first hemidesmosomal components identified and has been associated with bullous pemphigoid since the late 1990's. BPAG1 exists in several different isoforms, but it is the 230 kDa

According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, the skin is the body’s largest organ and actively prevents harmful microbes from entering the body. However, the integumentary systems sometimes suffers from these four dangerous conditions.

The mammalian cytochrome P450 CYP belongs to superfamily and mainly encodes enzymes involved in the metabolism of pharmaceuticals, foreign chemicals and pollutants [1]. Several mutations were observed in CYP genes which are responsible for inborn errors of metabolism leading to multiple diseases. It was observed from previous studies, gene nomenclature was simpler before arrival of complete genome. This is due to the fact that detailed information about gene position on the chromosome did not affect the gene names. Therefore, in the past names were assigned only on the basis of sequence similarity and evolutionary divergence [4, 5]. But now genes occur in clusters, with several related genes, and many pseudogenes. Also, genes in subfamilies are found to be clustered with genes of other subfamilies [6]. Pseudogenes are found to be manily involved

Scleroderma is a broad term used to describe a spectrum of disorders identified by skin fibrosis (Succaria, Kurban, Kibbi & Abbas, 2013). It is a serious condition that is classified as either being a systemic or localised autoimmune disease of collagen tissue impacting both internal and external organs (Oksel & Gündüzoğlu, 2014). Due to the vast divergency of this disease there will be brief discussion on the various forms of both systemic and localised scleroderma however, the main focus is to investigate findings based on localised scleroderma, delving into the knowledge of the conditions with particular focus on the aetiology of the disease and its clinical features, followed by differential diagnosis of how this condition can be misdiagnosed

Health Information Form-for Adults DO NOT USE YOUR OWN INFORMATION A. Identification Name (Last) VALEZ JOHN B. Emergency Contacts (First) (Middle) GEORGE In Case of Emergency, Notify: Primary Contact Name VALEZ HOLLY MAY Maiden Name N/A Primary Address 5432 RESIDENT DRIVE City HOMESTED

Based on the PharmGKB website and relative articles, the patient has CYP2D6 *4/*4 genotype means she is a poor metabolizer of the CYP2D6 enzyme, CYP2D6 *4 allele has inactive CYP2D6 enzyme activity, she has two inactive alleles resulting being a poor metabolizer of CYP2D6. Also, the patient has CYP3A4 *1/*1 genotype, CYP3A4 * 1 allele has active CYP3A4 activity, however, there is no uniform phenotype

Fast metabolizers can detoxify harmful substances more successfully than slow metabolizers. In a very toxic environment, evolution favored these toxin-clearing genes. If one is a CYP2D6 fast metabolizer and was prescribed medicine, such as cough syrup, that had codeine in it, they could become seriously ill because their bodies would’ve converted that codeine into morphine very quickly. This could be prevented with the knowledge of their genes.

More than half of all skin diseases are classified as eczema/dermatitis. These terms both describe inflammatory conditions of the skin associated with symptoms such as redness and swelling, blisters, weeping, itching and scratching. Some people are born with an inherited allergic tendency called atopy. Most eczema patients are atopic and they may also suffer from other allergic diseases such as asthma, hay fever, urticaria or rhinitis.

Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. Poliomyelitis is a disease caused by infection with the poliovirus. The virus spreads by direct person to person contact. For example contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth. Some symptoms are sore throat, fever, tiredness, nausea, headache, and stomach pain. The virus enters through the mouth and nose. It multiplies in the throat and intestinal tracts and then is absorbed and spread through the blood and lymph system. The time from being infected with the virus to developing symptoms of disease can range from 5 - 35 days.

Mexico is one of the 21 Latin American countries where Chagas disease is found endemic and will be the purpose of this analysis. This country is ranked number three in terms of number of infected individuals with Chagas disease in the Western Hemisphere, where 99% of the cases are present (Bern 2011). Also, according to Carabarin-Lima (2013), 96% of the transmission of Chagas in Mexico is vector borne and the greatest percentage of the triatomine bugs is present in rural areas. According to Tonantzin (2013), it is estimated that one million people suffer from Chagas in Mexico, while the population at risk is 5.5 million people (Carabarin-Lima, 2013).

Insects have been able to persist despite the constant effort by humans to eradicate them. However, this proves a problem that eventually insects will be immune to any kind of sprays. This can allow carriers of diseases to fly freely without an efficient way of dealing with them at that point. Cases around the world have demonstrated the sprays are only a temporary solution to a very serious problem. In 1956, the number of mosquito species displaying resistance was 5.

The question is what initiates these autoimmune reactions? The answer is not clear but genetic, immune and environmental considerations are important.

Chagas Disease is an endemic that begins when an organism, specifically a human being, comes in contact with the kissing bug. It is called the “kissing bug,” or triatomine