Photosynthesis Lab Report

In photosynthesis, cells take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) by absorbing energy from the sun, and then the cells release oxygen (O2) and store glucose (C6H12O6). The formula of photosynthesis is:

The last step of cellular respiration is the Electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons from Hydrogen are carried by NADH and passed down an electron transport chain to result in the production of ATP. Results are the production of ~32 ATPs for every glucose. Oxygen, which is the final electron receptor, finishes the process by creating a water molecule and combining the remaining hydrogen molecules. Oxygen is the final electron receptor. Without it, the process cannot be complete (Cellular Respiration, 2004). The waste products of cellular respiration are CO2 and H2O that are the same incrediants used in photosynthesis. Plants store chemical energy by photosynthese and then harvest this energy via cellular respiration.

The purpose of this lab is to observe the effect of white, green, and dark light on a photosynthetic plant using a volumeter and followed by the calculation of the net oxygen production using different wavelengths color of white and green light, and also the calculation of oxygen consumption under a dark environment, and finally the calculation of the gross oxygen production.

In photosynthesis H+ ions are vital in the production of the energy source that is ATP, which is used in several metabolic processes, such as respiration. The photolysis of water produces H+ ions, electrons and O2. The excited electrons lose energy as they move along the electron transport chain, this energy is used to transport the H+ ions (protons) in to the thylakoid, which causes a higher concentration of H+ than there is in the stroma, thus causing a proton gradient across the membrane. The H+ then proceed to move down the concentration gradient into the stroma via the enzyme ATP synthase. The energy from this process is called chemiosmosis and combines ADP with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to form ATP. Light energy is then absorbed by photosystem I (PS I) which excites the electrons to a higher energy level. These electrons are transferred to NADP with H+ ions from the stroma to form reduced NADP. The whole of this process is

The process of photosynthesis, by which light energy is used to convert inorganic compounds into organic substances with the release of oxygen, may be the most important biological event sustaining life (Keir et al. 2017). In the light-dependent reactions, the chloroplasts of a plant use the pigment chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy. This energy is used to split water and produce oxygen (Eller et al. 2015). The energy is later used in the light independent reactions, where carbon dioxide (CO2) undergoes carbon fixation with the aid of enzyme rubisco, because it catalyses both carboxylation and oxygenation reactions and most of responses of photosynthesis to light, CO2, and temperature (John Evans 2013).

Their sources of electrons in the electron transport chain also differ, photosynthesis getting electrons from the splitting of water into oxygen, and cellular respiration receiving electrons from NADH and FADH, both coming from glucose. At the end of the process the final electron acceptors in plant cells accept NADP+ to make NADPH, while in animal cells oxygen accepts an H+ to make a water molecule.

The third and final step in cellular respiration is the electron transport chain which takes place in the inner mitochondrion membrane. This process uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. These high-energy electrons are first passed along the electron transport chain. Every time 2 electrons travel down this chain, their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane. These H+ ions escape through channels into an ATP synthase. This causes it to spin, transforming the ADP into ATP. On average, each pair of high-energy electrons that moves down the electron

Photosynthesis is the process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. This is the light-dependent part of photosynthesis. You have to have light to complete the first stage. The second stage is called the calvin cycle. The calvin cycle is the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugars.

In light dependent reactions many of the Hydrogen ions that are in the thylakoid lumen are pushed through ATP synthase and then through the stroma in the chloroplast. The protons that are also in the thylakoid membrane move upwards through the ATP synthase into the stroma in the chloroplast. In the electron transport chain the Hydrogen ions that are in the inter membrane space are pushed through the ATP synthase to the matrix. The protons that are also in the intermembrane space go down the mitochondrial matrix. For oxygen to be reduced and water to be created the electrons are moved from left to right across the membrane in the electron transport chain.

The purpose of this investigation was to see and understand the relationship between the effect of temperature and the rate at which the amount of anthocyanin leaves the cell. This was achieved by using the colorimeter calculated through the Data Logger, and assessing the absorption of blue light of the solution. In both the data collection tables, results were achieved to understand how the absorption of blue light (470 nm) increased as the temperature increased as well. On Table 1, results varied for each group but more or less gave accurate results. For example, the temperature was 20°C for group 6, the absorption of blue light was 0.027 and when the temperature increased to 30°C, the absorption of blue light was 0.031.

Photosynthesis is essential to all living organism such as animals and plants. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen, carbohydrates and water. (Textbook: Principles of Biology). The reactants and the products of photosynthesis are:

Initially, wavelength of the spectrometer was set to 425 nm. In preparing the potato extract along with the substrate (catechol), were places in an ice bucket to maintain a low temperature for the first experiment. Four beakers, four cuvettes along with four test tubes, which were kept in a rack, were positioned on the counter. Gloves were than obtained to avoid any contamination and safety. The four pH solutions for this experiment consist of different levels, namely pH 3, 7, 9 and 11 act as the control groups, were placed into individual beakers. Then each test tube was labeled at range 1-4, with A as the first trial. A solution of 3.0ml of from each pH solution was then pipetted into the individual test tube, together

Photosynthesis is a vital process that autotrophs use to transfer light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis ultimately produces O2 and glucose. It, like many other biological processes, can be affected by environmental variables. The variable that we altered in the following experiment are intensity, light wavelengths, and pigment types. In order to do this, we conducted three experiments. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of light intensity by placing vials with chloroplasts with DPIP at different light distances in which the results varied. Initially, 30cm away was the most effective for photosynthesis. Then 24cm appeared to be the most effective. Followed by 49cm at minutes 25 and 30. In the second experiment, we

     Photosynthesis has a two-stage performance before plants produce the two products they are known to produce. These stages are Photosystem I and II. Photosystem II is dependant on light reactions for energy which causes the electrons to be react and be transferred to Photosystem II. The electrons are transported through the Photosystem II electron transport system, however some energy is used to drive ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, light is being absorbed by the Photosystem I, which causes the electrons to react. This process sends the electrons to the Photosystem I transport system where some energy is released as electrons travel through the electron transport system and is captured as NADPH. When this process is completed oxygen is released from the plant and glucose has been

     To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.