Historical Context
The purpose and approach to teaching and classroom management has considerably changed due to a variety of factors including government policies, developing research and scientific explanations for its benefits to children during their education (Lance et al, 2007). Mackenzie (2004) recalls on how in the Havoverian Period (1714-1790) play and sport, particularly in the education environment was largely ignored by the government. This lead to minimised use of it and Physical Education (PE) was a very irregular activity in schools. (Lance et al, 2007; Mackenzie, 2004). However, progressively school sport and activities within the teaching environment were developing (Mackenzie, 2004 [online]). Public schools became highly
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This led to further guidance and statutory documenting such as further PE curriculums and government initiatives, such as Every Child Matters (2003) which promotes an increase opportunities to use exercise in schools to benefit children in these discussed ways. (Bailey et al, 2004).
Government Initiatives
The government initiatives in the UK still lye at the recommended rather than statutory regulations with consideration for physical exercise being used as a tool to promote holistic learning. (Cheatum & Hammond, 2000) However, the Every Child Matters (2004) document provides holistic learning outcomes for children and suggests that these are “inter-dependant” (DfES, 2004), each supporting the development of the ‘whole child’, as did the Act for Education 1944. (Bell, 2004 [online]).
The significant outcome that connects the relationship of exercise and academic learning; is the ‘Be Healthy’ concept of which DfES (2004) state that if schools promote and provide the opportunities to ensure the engagement of this outcome, the children will be developing mentally and physically together. Although there is no guidance as to how this will be achieved the Scottish ‘Active School Status’ for schools promotes extended opportunities for physical activity integrated in the classroom of which they relate back to the Every Child Matters statement that, “Children and young people learn when they are healthy... happy and
Every Child Matters Framework which is currently in the process to be changed is part of the Children Act 2004; it is a piece of legislation which has and influences planning and provisions of learning opportunities. The Every Child Matters ensures that settings provide quality of children’s and young people’s play and learning.This supports children from birth to 19 years. When practitioners plan, they should relate their work to the five outcomes for children; be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve though learning, make a positive contribution to society and achieve economic
First of all, students do not have much knowledge about the different fitness components; they do not understand the relation between the fitness components and health. If students acquire the background knowledge about fitness, it could improve the class engagement and motivation, and increase the independent drive to exercise. Second barrier to students’ achievement is the lack of motivation to be active, and even more difficult, to specific fitness activities, such as sit-ups and push-ups. In today’s society, students spend more time sitting in front a screen and less time moving. Parent and school today have more responsibility making sure the children get enough physical activity. According to the New York Times (2016), “early school physical education (PE) programs can make a significant difference, and the earlier these routines are learned the more likely they will be carried forth into a healthy adulthood”. Another barrier that prevents students’ success is the loss of instructional time due to discipline problems. The classes are too big, with many diverse students with individual problems, which are difficult to address when these issues are from very different backgrounds. Finally, there is not enough support from home affecting not only physical education, but
My learning from EDX1450 will influence how I teach HPE by taking a strengths-based approach, addressing the diverse needs of students in health and movement strands, and that health promotion is for all teachers. Through using a strength-based approach, students will recognise that every person has a variety of skills and life experiences to recall in regard to their health and wellbeing (ACARA, 2015e). By focusing on a student’s strengths and abilities it promotes and maximises health and well-being for all students and the wider community. I will modify physical activities with the understanding that students are at varying developmental stages (Callcott et al., 2015). This will ensure that my students have success while also being challenged
Types and contexts of activities are variable and change with age during childhood and adolescence. Activities of children aged 6 to 9 years are largely anaerobic (as in non-sustained activities or games such as ‘‘tag’’), and they help the child learn basic and more specialized motor skills. As youth move into the pubertal transition (about age 10-14 years, earlier in girls than in boys), these skills are incorporated into a variety of individual and group activities and many organized sports. Mature structure and function are approached or attained in late adolescence (age 15-18 years), so that physical activity programs can be more structured.
Physical activity is an integral part of health and well being in children.Our bodies also require physical activity in order to be healthy.Understanding and supporting physical activity, will help children have the right foundation for a healthy and happy life.Positive experiences with physical activity at a young age promotes the growth if strong bones and muscles, help to develop good posture and balance, obesity risk and chronic disease risk infection are reduced.
Physical activity also has benefits for children's social and emotional development and cognitive development. These benefits include being part of a team and making friends through group sports, which have a major impact on social and emotional development. The effect of obesity on children is closely linked to many bad health habits such as diet, smoking and drug use which in turn can affect a child's academic performance (Goran et al., 1999). Physical activity, if encouraged at a young age, can reduce the likelihood of children developing these behaviours and focus on their academic performance and cognitive development. As children in this age range are in their fundamental development stage, it is important that educators and parents alike, teach children about the importance of physical activity at a young age in order to prevent health and social well-being problems in their adult years.
The key aims of PE on the national curriculum focusses on a healthy lifestyle developing competence across several physical activity areas and for children to be active for sustained periods of time and encouraging children to engage in competitive activities and sports (Smith 2014. P213).
A. What was studied? (theoretical framework) The time allocation for physical education school-based physical activity is often replaced with other classes in an effort to increase children’s academic performance. However, a growing body of literature suggests that physical activity either had no effect on academic performance or that it enhanced it..
Nowadays, more and more children have obesity compare to the children in thirty years ago. The research showed that children who have obesity in their early age may cause either short-term or long-term consequence. The short-term consequence for the obesity children include low self-esteem and the long-term consequence includes asthma and heart disease. (CDC) The best way to prevent these is to encourage children do at least one hour physical exercise a day within the trained instructor guided. ( Epstein 2014) My paper is mainly focused on how my curriculum promote physical development in a child care center.
Physical education is defined nowadays as a “systematic instruction in sports, exercises, and hygiene given as part of a school or college program” (Park). When most people think of the term “physical education” they think of it as “a broad, inclusive term comprising the fields of physical education, health education, safety education, athletics, recreation, dance education, kinesiology and so on” (Zeigler 1). It may sometimes be referred to as physical training or gym class and mainly is taught in grades kindergarten all to the way up to your senior year in high-school in the United States. The history of physical education dates way back to the Greek and Roman times and has slowly evolved into what it is now today. There is a
Teaching is one of the most important careers that help advance a society. Teachers are important because they are responsible for passing along knowledge from generation to generation. Early Americans made education one of the most important aspects of society when this nation was founded. Formal education has been around thousands of years, but the modern education system in place now originated in the early 20th century. The progressive era in education took place from the 1890s to the 1930s. This era brought about dramatic expansions in the number of schools in the U.S. By 1940, nearly half of young adults were earning a high school diploma (Costrel). One specific type of teacher in a physical education teacher. A physical education teacher holds a big responsibility within the school. They are in charge of keeping the students healthy. P.E. teachers have to have exercise and fun blended into one class. A physical education teacher is a strong career choice because of the pay and benefits, the teamwork aspect, and the sense of self-satisfaction one gets from the career.
The perspective of this paper is to develop a philosophy on physical education and then explain what kind of job we plan on having later on in life and relate physical education to that. The purpose for developing this philosophy is to try and get the most out of the people I’m working with on physical education, whether it is an adult or adolescent.
As children grow they continue to need physical activity. One of the methods of exercise that is popular with children in the middle childhood age is rough and tumble play or ‘play fighting’ (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Unfortunately, this sort of play is often discouraged by schools because of the possibility that someone may become injured. (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). Teachers must find the balance between protecting children from getting hurt and allowing them to run and jump to release the copious amounts of energy that they have to burn (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010).
The controversial topic in the realm of physical education is if physical education should remain in schools. Higher up’s are complaining about test scores and suggesting that cutting physical education programs would lead to better test scores. Technically, this would lead to more time spent sitting in a desk and listening to lectures in class, which is supposed to improve test scores. So, the solution to increase test scores is to take the small chance of physical activity that children receive during the school day and keep them almost completely sedentary for six-plus hours. When physical activity is restricted during school hours, children do not regain the lost physical activity after school, resulting in children who remain
In the modern schools, too many elementary schools are so centered academics and don’t focus on the well-being of the students. The school systems also don’t realize that physical activity can help students perform better in the classrooms. In the recent years, there has been a worldwide tendency to reduce school-based physical education in favor of academic subjects. Given the beneficial effects of exercise and the disadvantages of a sedentary lifestyle, cutbacks in physical education lessons are not near as productive as people think. Systematic reviews provide clear