Jimmy A. Rendon
Mr. Nichols
10/26/2011
Jimmy A. Rendon
Mr. Nichols
10/26/2011
Investigate factors that affect the period of a pendulum: The relationship between Density and Time
Investigate factors that affect the period of a pendulum: The relationship between Density and Time
IB Physics Internal Assessment
IB Physics Internal Assessment
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the relationship between density and time in a homemade pendulum. In order to investigate the phenomenon, the density of the hanging object is going to change, and by recording the time it takes the object to complete a period hanging from the pendulum. According to pendulum’s theory, the period should be the same because the
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The time is proportional to the density at a gradient of 0.7798 seconds per gram over a milliliter. Although the points should be in a straight line, I can infer that there is a little deviation because of a systematic error, due to the observer. This time the systematic error didn’t make a big difference when sketching the graph. When thinking of speed, the more speed an object has means the more distance it is going to travel, this should justify my results because as the object gets denser the mass is greater therefore the it will gain more speed as soon as its dropped so it would travel more distance making the period longer than the less dense ones.
Evaluation and Improvements: Weaknesses | Improvements | One weakness I faced was the accuracy of the measurements while taking the time, when recording the time I hold with one hand the object being dropped and with the other one start the stopwatch. Therefore, while trying to hit the start button I could have probably slightly changed the release point or vice versa. Although my measurements could have been more accurate the limitation didn’t affect that much my data. | I can improve my weakness by instead of me holding both things I could put a camera on front of
3. Analyze: What do you notice about the density of the Styrofoam pieces? The density remains the same.
If the water displacement increases, then the density will decrease because the mass will be divided by a higher volume causing a lower density. The independent variable is the water displacement and the dependent
The solutions are 0% sucrose, 10% sucrose, 20% sucrose, 30% sucrose, 40% sucrose and an unknown sucrose concentration. We then weighed each egg separately to the nearest gram in order to have an initial starting weight to compare to the results throughout our experiment being conducted. The eggs were then placed in each beaker for 12 intervals at a time. After every 12 minutes the eggs were taken out and weighed to see if the weight of the egg changed. With a total of five intervals (12, 24, 36, 48, 60) the steps were repeated till the egg had reached the total time of 60 minutes. The changes in weight of the eggs were then added into a data table showing the weight of the chicken eggs in grams vs. the time in minutes. In a second data table the weight changes (g) vs. time (min.) between the eggs were taken and used the difference from each time and subtracted it from the initial
The unit question asks whether or not the hero of Edgar Allen Poe’s “The Pit and the Pendulum” would realistically be able to escape the descending blade swinging on a pendulum. The question is a matter of time, is it feasible for the protagonist to escape the pendulum with the allotted amount of time. Based on standard deviation and testing a pendulum of the same scale as the one mentioned in the story, the answer is no. The protagonist mentions that he believed 10-12 periods of the pendulum would result in the blade coming in contact with his torso. Using the formula developed in class for the period of a pendulum, it would take the 30 foot pendulum described in the story about 72 seconds to complete 12 periods. Testing the actual 30 foot yielded similar results within 1-2 seconds of 72 seconds. Therefore, it is fair to say that the hero is working with 72 seconds to free himself. This does not seem like enough time to develop an escape strategy, act on the strategy, and leave without getting hit bit the pendulum. The method the hero describes involves thinking about the situation and then employing the help of nearby rats. He also mentions, “Yet one minute, and I felt that the struggle would be over,” as if to imply he had 1 minute to spare. Since he was reflecting and then enticing the rats to gnaw through the rope it is not likely that it took only 12 seconds to escape. 72 seconds does not seem like enough time for the hero to complete his escape. However, the thickness of the rope and speed of the rats are factors that could affect the outcome.
The temporal setting “oppress the character with the shape of a pendulum” (3) He fears its deadly velocity which represents his final hours of life. He feels terror of the doom that will “cut” his time on earth. As everyone knows, this symbolizes that death is inevitable.
rate of fall of an object was determined by its weight held that matter was constructed out
Based on the data from Activities 1 and 2, which is likely the best speed and cesium chloride concentration combination to distinguish different types of soils Why Lab Report The g-force grows exponentially as rpms increase 15000 rpm because it allows for the most separation throughout the sample At 5000 rpm the organic matter, clay, and silt would be at the top while sand and gravel would further down At 15000 rpm each substance would be separated from each other in the order of (top to bottom) organic matter, clay, silt, sand, and finally gravel at the bottom The cesium chloride made the fluid thicker to increase drag 2.5 grams/liter because it formed the most separate layers to work with .5g/L - Organic matter on top the rest on the bottom 2.5g/L organic matter the first 2 layers then clay, silt, sand, and gravel respectively. With a higher cesium chloride levels comes higher drag. With higher drag the materials dont get to spread out as much which causes thinner layers 2.5g/L cesium chloride at 15000 rpm shows the greatest separation of all materials and as such allows for the best distinction between soils. Y, dXiJ(x(I_TS1EZBmU/xYy5g/GMGeD3Vqq8K)fw9
In this case G is 6.673×〖10〗^(-11) m^3 kg^(-1) s^(-2). So all units must be in meters (m), kilograms (kg), and seconds (s). Now the radius between Object X and its moon is 19,570 km must be changed to meters, through a conversion factor of 1km = 1000 m. Also, it takes the moon 6.4 days to orbit Object X, so we must change days to seconds. To change days to seconds we must change days to hours to minutes to seconds.Now that the measurements are in the correct units, we can start substituting them into Kepler’s Third Law. First we plug in the radius (1.957×〖10〗^7 m) into the numerator. Since the radius is cubed, 1.957×〖10〗^7 m will become 7.50×〖10〗^21 m^3. Next multiply m^3by 4π^2 to get 2.96×〖10〗^23 m^3 in the numerator.Next we substitute in the gravitational constant (G) and time (P). Since time is squared, 5.53×〖10〗^5 s becomes 3.06×〖10〗^11 s^2 in the denominator. Next we multiply together G (6.673×〖10〗^(-11) m^3 kg^(-1) s^(-2)) and P, which becomes 20.42 m^3/kg. The reason that seconds is not in the units is because G had s^(-2) and P was s^2, so the units canceled each
-“The period of the wave is 4.0 m.” This sentence is wrong because period’s unit is second(s) or minute(s), etc. Period does not measure distance, it measures the time one particle takes to complete one vibration so it cannot be in meter.
In Measuring and Understanding Density, several experiments were performed to find density of regularly shaped objects, irregularly shaped objects, liquids and gasses. An additional experiment was done to find the specific gravity of a sampling of liquids. The purpose of the experiment was to provide a better understanding of density and to be able to extrapolate unknowns based upon these calculations. The experiments yielded data in keeping with Kinetic-molecular theory in regards to the density of water versus its temperature. Key measurements and formulae were also used to determine densities of metal and plastic objects as well as irregularly shaped rocks. It is possible to find the density of an object (be it liquid, gas or
Print out the image of a clock and open the spreadsheet called Grapher. You will find both of
A pendulum is a bob suspended by a string from a fixed point and behaves in an oscillating manner. When released from an angle away from its equilibrium, it swings side-to-side in a periodic motion. The time it takes to complete one full swing is considered the period and the purpose of this investigation is to discover the effect of the string length on the period of the pendulum. This will be accomplished by recording and analyzing data with the use of data tables and graphs.
A simple pendulum consists of a mass that is attached to a string of length ‘L’ that is fixed to a point, in this case, a cork suspended by a clamp stand. This allows the mass to be suspended vertically downwards and allows it to be displayed at an angle that it swings. A period ‘T’ of oscillation is the time required for one complete swing. For this to happen ideally its mass must swing from an angle that is
In this experiment, we experimented finding the fundamental quantities of length, mass, and time using many laboratory tools. We used a Vernier caliper, stopwatch, rulerm meter stick, wooden block, metal block, Dial-o-gram, different masses, and circular objects. We took into consideration the uncertainties of many different tools and objects into our experiment. The inherent uncertainties of different measurements and ways to propagate those uncertainties were learned during this experiment.
2. The time taken for the pendulum to complete 20 oscillations was found and recorded.