Political Ideologies

In the 1930’s it was rare for a black South African to attend college. But Mandela not only attended, he graduated, got a degree from law school, and set up a practice in Johannesburg which he hoped could support his small family. Yet apartheid was always a humiliation to him. When the Afrikaner, or Dutch South African, Nationalists came to power in the 1948 election, the segregation habits of the past three hundred years became law. Hoping for a brighter future, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and became its first Youth Leader.

The idea of the welfare state can mean something different in each and every country. There is an ideal model of the welfare state which is where society accepts the responsibility for things such as the ground work and the provision of wide ranging and

This essay will be discussing Apartheid and what methods were used to fight it, also whether they were successful or not. The word Apartheid is an Afrikaans word for apart or separateness. This was a law put in place by an Afrikaans Prime Minister called Dr. Daniel Malan, Dr. Malan put this law in place in 1948 to keep the Afrikaans race pure of any Black or Coloured blood, and there was always separation between blacks and whites but this law made it legal and legitimate. Apartheid was generally just a different approach to segregation. Blacks and Coloureds were not allowed to do certain things that they could do

An ideology is a group of ideas (social, economic, culture, etc) about life and accepted as reality by the majority of people in a society. These set of ideas are used by different organizations in the society such as: school, and government, among other, to reinforce such ideology. In a society an ideology serves as means to perpetuate and justify the power of the dominant group.

“Ideology is a cluster of ideas about life, society or government, which originates, in most cases, as consciously advocated dogmatically asserted social, political or religious slogans or battle-cries and which through continuous usage and preaching’s gradually become the

All welfare states provide direct state assistance to the poor in cash e.g., social assistance and in kind such as housing and social services. " Welfare States embrace government activity in the field of poverty relief, education, individual retirement, housing, and health care"(SEE BIBL. Barr & Whynes 1993). Also, the welfare state created in 1942 Beveridge Report spelled out a system of social insurance, covering every citizen regardless of income. Lastly, the welfare state has achieved its goals of the country by providing services in the field of education, that by provide schools and libraries. Then, in the field if health, by provide hospitals and medical staff that help patients and present the awareness of health care. Finally, housing, the provision of services concerning housing and living which is suitable for all

It can also be in a way that the wealth is equally divided in the country. The welfare state is simply a concept of a government in which the state has a key role to do and ensure the following for its citizens; Protection Promotion Well-being of citizens Stopping racism Inequality of opportunity Equally divided wealth Welfare State or taking care of yourself?

     Upon entering my first semester at Southern Nazarene University I could not have told you my political ideology. I knew what my opinions, observations, expectations, and ideals were, but did not know the proper ideology that would define them. Through several courses that I have taken, I have become more informed as to the role that I would like to see the government take throughout society as a whole and in the economy. Upon reading the section of ideology in American Government and Politics Today: the Essentials I learned that the correct term for my ideology is right-wing Conservatism. I would like to see the government take action if necessary in the economy, yet let

The national party achieved power in South Africa in 1948 the government, usually comprised on “white people”, and racially segregated the country by a policy under the Apartheid legislation system. With this new policy in place the black South African people were forced to live segregated from the white people and use separate public facilities. There were many attempts to overthrow the Apartheid regime, it persisted to control for almost 50 years.

Race and subsequent racial discrimination has molded South Africa from its inception. Apartheid institutionalized racial discrimination and subjugation in order to further the notion of white superiority. Apartheid legitimized violence based on the perception of racial inferiority. Race, in and of itself, was the social and psychological reality through which repression and violence functioned. South Africans saw the world in “black” and “white” terms and violence was commonly used to maintain this status quo. However, during the Mandela era (1994-1999), a new mindset emerged to describe the social order. This mindset culminated in nationhood, unity, racial harmony and reconciliation.12 Reference to race entered a sensitive and delicate space. Choosing to downplay the role of race rendered the real, often violent, consequences of race invisible.11 This self-imposed cognitive dissonance was seen as a necessity in creating national unity. In the Mandela era, and during the TRC processes, there was little national debate on how race had influenced past human rights violations. In fact, the TRC had a direct and explicit focus on events post-1960s, which dismissed colonization and the historical build up to Apartheid. There is also little recognition that race continues to shape identity and interactions within contemporary South Africa.

A political ideology by definition is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, and/or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. On account of the details given above, Communism is a Left-wing political ideology. Communism’s ultimate goal to reach is to make a communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state. A modern day example would be Cuba. They are one of the last lasting nations that follow the true communist ideology. Conversely, China on the other hand is deemed and labeled as communist; however China has altered and made their own communism. On the other side of the spectrum you have another political ideology, Nazism. It is the ideology and practice that the Nazi Party of Germany on the far right of the spectrum used and furthermore based their Political action on. The Nazis aimed to make a German Pure country, and to rid of all “inferior” races. This is an extreme of Fascism. On the contrary of both extreme political ideologies, in the center of the political spectrum we have Centrism Ideology. Centrism is a political outlook or specific function that involves acceptance or aid of a balance of a degree of social equality and a measure of social

Many of the contemporary issues in South Africa can easily be associated with the apartheid laws which devastated the country. The people of South Africa struggle day by day to reverse “the most cruel, yet well-crafted,” horrific tactic “of social engineering.” The concept behind apartheid emerged in 1948 when the nationalist party took over government, and the all-white government enforced “racial segregation under a system of legislation” . The central issues stem from 50 years of apartheid include poverty, income inequality, land ownership rates and many other long term affects that still plague the brunt of the South African population while the small white minority still enjoy much of the wealth, most of the land and opportunities

The political ideology that best represents my views is liberalism. Liberalism is an ideology that emphasizes, “cultural diversity, government programs for the needy, public intervention in the economy, and individuals’ rights to a lifestyle based on their own social and moral positions” (Morone & Kersh, 2014, p. 37). In other words, liberalism promotes government assistance for individuals in need as well as protect every individual’s rights.

I have always thought that Nelson Mandela has been one of the most important people in history. I find it very fascinating that one man could end the Apartheid and that is why I want to find out more about this. South Africa is a country with a past of enforced racism and separation of its multi-racial community. The White Europeans invaded South Africa and started a political system known as 'Apartheid' (meaning 'apartness'). This system severely restricted the rights and lifestyle of the non-White inhabitants of the country forcing them to live separately from the White Europeans. I have chosen to investigate how the Apartheid affected people’s lives, and also how and why the Apartheid system rose and fell in South Africa.

South Africa endured one of the worst colonialisation any country could have went through, whereby the Apartheid regime objectively disregarded the economic participation of the black over to those of the white population. However, the new democratic government would thereby be challenged with effectively having to deal with the challenges in which the past government had left behind. Therefore, in effectively trying to deal with the issues, alternative approaches have to be implemented in order to deliver on the challenges of the public. On the contrary, this essay will critically compare and discuss the liberal and free market, as well as the state interventionist approach as alternative solutions in dealing with current issues of social security, the health and school systems. Which would be able to transform current developmental challenges facing South Africa. In summary, the essay will thereby state which approach can transform South Africa in effectively dealing with developmental challenges currently facing South Africa.