Pollution from Synthetic Dyes

This is largely because they are relatively cheap and simple to manufacture. Furthermore, they produce vibrant shades of color and are reasonably soluble in water (Liu, Wan, Nan, n.d.). However, these dyes are now manufactured at such a large scale that they bring up numerous health and environmental concerns. In recent years azo dyes, especially Allura Red AC, have been connected to child hyperactivity, which also raises concerns over other potentially toxic effects they can have on living organisms (“FDA Probes Link”, 2011). This is only amplified by the fact that azo dyes such as Allura Red AC and Azo Grenadine are also especially recalcitrant to conventional methods of wastewater treatment. Research on this topic led me to an article on electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and their potential as a solution to mineralizing especially recalcitrant compounds in the environment, "Decontamination of Wastewaters Containing Synthetic Organic Dyes by Electrochemical Methods: A Review." This led me to pursue the investigation in my extended essay on the topic of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and the effect they have on azo dyes such as Allura Red AC and Azo Grenadine. In order to evaluate the effect of this process, I made the decision to do a comparison of the two dyes. This led me to the question, “How does the effect of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes vary between Allura Red AC and Azo

More than half of the human population knows what pollution is but we are still not ready to face it's damaging consequences. Pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the natural surroundings; which brings about changes that affect our normal lifestyles adversely. Pollution comes in many forms and no matter where you live, you've probably seen some form of it. Some litter of NYC city streets to the smog that lingers ov0er LA to the plastic trash that floats in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the visible signs of pollution are more than evident. The main reason for a why pollution has gotten too out of control is that our desire for more “stuff” has led to our old stuff being thrown away at an alarming and unnecessary rate. As humans we have impacted the environment in so many different ways. The 3 main pollutants i will be talking to you about is water, air, and soil pollutions since these are the three main ones that are affecting not only us as humans but our planet that we live on.. These three main pollutants have affected the environment in many different ways such as climate change and even habitat destruction towards our planet and is in need to be taking some Extreme Measures and actions in order to decrease the pollution to our home.

Real textile wastewater (RTW) has low biological oxygen demand (BOD) to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio, which implies chemical treatment is required. RTW also has greater color appearance; high total dissolved solid (TDS), suspended solids (SS), high temperature and variable pH (from 5 to 9) depending on dye. On the other hand, domestic wastewater has almost neutral pH, high BOD, normal temperature and high volume as well. Gingell and Walker [17] proposed two-step mechanism for degradation of azo-dyes Step 1 is the

In the book, Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion, Elizabeth Cline, a journalist and the author, writes about the lack of ability of disposal we currently possess for the massive amounts of textile waste. She wrote, “The rate of disposal is not keeping up with the availability of places to put everything that we're getting rid of and that's the problem." Millions of tons of textile waste are generated globally per year. There are many efforts to cut down the amount of waste by recycling, shredding, and exporting to developing nations. According to the United Nations, The US is the leading exporter of second-hand clothes. Very poor nations like India benefit greatly from imported second-hand clothing. These methods to cut back on textile waste are proven to work, but they don’t solve the problem, they just lessen it. Part of the problem with fast fashion and textile waste is that many of the clothes being mass produced are made out of cheap petroleum-based fibers. H&M received a lot of backlash for this, spurring them to release a more eco-friendly line of clothing, using organic cotton.

In the first week of our experiments we started to collect data from the different color dyes. This data included the absorbances and wavelengths of the different FD&C dyes. Initially we measured each dyes absorbance, with no dilutions for base line data. Afterwards we did simple dilutions with water, specifically a 1:1 then 1:3 ratio, this showed the trend of absorbance and concentration between each. Once we tested the different dyes from the FD&C we tested the beverage color we were given without any dilutions.

Since these dyes are harmful to the environment, a benefit of doing research on them is to find a way to more safely and quickly remove these dyes from the environment. The current methods are expensive, and cause the dyes to turn into sludge, which is also dangerous because this sludge can produce toxic products.^3 In addition to this, doing research on the properties that these dyes have on humans would be beneficial in studying the effects they have on humans and how to treat these effects.

Table 4.12 and Table 4.13 shows the readings for the tests conducted at pH7 for the cationic dye and anionic dye solution. From the Figure 4.9 and Figure 4.10, it can be seen that the maximum color removal obtained is 85.67%, 83.30% and 78.93% for cationic dye and 71.83%, 64.08% and 62.91% for initial dye concentration of 25, 50 and 75mg/L respectively at WTR dose of 120mg/L. The trends of decreasing color removal continued with the increase in pH as the least readings were obtained at pH7.

Water contaminants have been and are continuing to be released directly into public waterways by industries and wastewater plants. These contaminants include dyes that are toxic and highly visible, therefore making them undesirable in oceans, rivers, and other waters in public areas in waters that could be used for domestic purposes. This can cause environmental and water pollution, leading to many diseases affecting millions of children worldwide, although the impacts of this are particularly prevalent in countries like China and India because of their large textile industries. Treatment facilities are often unable to remove dyes easily due to their low biodegradability and high solubility. However, one way to decontaminate the water is to

With manufacturing moving overseas, we should realize that with it moves the dyed chemical water. Countries such as Bangladesh dump their wastewater in ditches that can be see when driving to textile mills and manufacturing plants (Cline, 2012, pg. 123). With environmental forces such as global warming, we are overlooking the waste the fashion world is creating. Instead of donating to The Salvation Army or Goodwill, “a tremendous amount of clothing is in fact not getting recycled but getting trashed” which means consumers aren’t realizing where their used garments are really going (Cline, 2012, pg. 123). Cellulosic fibers seem to be environmentally friendly because they come from cotton, flax, and bamboo. Even though these fibers start off

Background and Objective: the human activities generate a variety of contaminants. One of these contaminants is the pesticides which are used to exterminate the agricultural pest. Organophosphates are a class of pesticides which, were replaced with the organochlorines from a few decades ago, due to their less resistance. diazinon is one of Organophosphate insecticide which is classified as a relatively hazardous materials (Class II by the World Health Organization). Diazinon has many adverse effects such as disruption of the immune system (Immunotoxic), cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity. The insecticide is relatively soluble in water and the maximum remaining level in water is 1 mg/L. The release of diazinon into surface and groundwater resources is one of important worries. Several methods such as ultrasonic waves, biodegradation, optical degradation, ozonation, gamma rays, Fenton, UV / H2O2 and Photocatalytic degradation have been used to remove the diazinon. The complexity of the process, high cost and high consumption of chemicals are of the problems with these methods. Nano-photocatalytic methods are new developing methods to remove environmental pollutants. TiO2 has found more attention due to high photocatalytic activity, stability against the light corrosion, economic acceptability and lack of

The use of a free radical scavenger is a helpful strategy for finding whether or not a free radical is involved in the degradation reaction mechanism. The reaction was explored in the presence of isopropanol, a well-known radical scavenger. That has been used in peroxide reactions to trap a wide range of radical species. The experiment was carried out by the addition of isopropyl alcohol (0.02M) as a radical scavenger. The rate constant decreased remarkably from 0.035 to 0.009 min-1.The decrease in the rate constant is due to the consumption of the generated OH radical by a scavenger. This experiment has clearly confirmed the participation of hydroxyl radical as a powerful oxidant in the oxidative degradation of the dye with the synthesized

Dyes are a critical part from claiming society that have been utilized for the reason of adding color to art drawings, hair, faces, and clothes. Colors add a unique and ascetic quality that acquires life and more energy. Before of the finding and perfecting of synthetic dyes, there might have been a restricting amount of dyes color that was concentrated from various plants. The unintentional revelation of synthetic dyes in the 1850's trailed toward the disclosure of azo dyes might transform the color industry forever. Synthetic dyes permitted to a set reach of colors that might make of service to industry. Azo dyes represent half for overall dye production and would utilize within textile, leather, dyeing, food production, cosmetics, paper

Textile industries in general has huge impact on our environment. As jeans being one of the most popular product, it has one of the highest environmental impacts. Here, I will briefly

Sustainability has become a major issue in the fashion industry. The global apparel industry has a large amount of social and environmental problems and the apparel industry is a dirty business that relies on water intensive methods and toxic chemicals within its factories. Fashion and textiles is known to be one of the most polluting industries in the world, following oil. Millions of gallons of wastewater from mills each year contain harsh chemicals. The clothing industry has a huge environmental impact, some of which include: industrial water pollution, production of fiber responsible for pesticide and insecticide. Another example is that it takes 700 gallons of water to produce enough cotton for

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND POLLUTION CONTROL)