Problem Oriented Policing Paper

Policing is a very difficult, complex and dynamic field of endeavor that is always evolves as hard lessons teach us what we need to know about what works and what don’t work. There are three different Era’s in America’s policing: The Political Era, The Reform Era, and The Community Problem Solving Era. A lot has changed in the way that policing works over the years in the United States.

So far, there is no agreed-upon term to describe the precipitous drop in low-level policing by New York law enforcement, a two-week undeclared protest against a mayor many cops believe does not show them due respect. Much coverage has called it a “virtual work stoppage,” a label assigned by the New York Post, where data about the decline in arrests and ticketing was first published – though the term, when deployed in other publications, tends to remain in quotes. Police Commissioner William Bratton has quibbled about terminology, too: “I haven’t used the word ‘slowdown,’” he said. “If that’s what it is, we’ll call it that and deal with it accordingly. We’re not in a public-safety crisis in any shape of the word,” he said.

policing operates, COMPSTAT is able to be molded to the needs of the department that is using it. Due to how the data that is collected is used. “The data are analyzed at regular command level meetings where commanders are held responsible for developing appropriate responses to the problems in their areas.” (113) As a result of all of this work, the results of COMPSTAT was able to give some positive outcomes. For Fort Worth, Texas, as an example, the results they had were mixed. Such as COMPSTAT playing a “significant role in reducing property crimes and total index crime rates” but on the other hand it did not “significantly reduce violent crime rates.” (114) Even with some of the crime rates going down, the working environment for some agencies did not improve along with the crime drops. “The post-1995 respondents reported “higher levels of managerial pressure” to get the crime rate down, increase arrests and summons, and reduce citizen complaints.”

Community policing is an area that I am extremely passionate about due to first-hand experiences encountered over the years. Earning the community's trust and building relationships helps to facilitate relationships to reduce crime on the streets. Allows the community to see police officers are people and community members, just like them. Police officers just are upholding the letter of the law, providing increased safety for the community at large. Educating the community on how to prevent crimes in hopes they do not become a victim. Encouraging individuals in the community to help stop the cycle of violence and showing them a way to chose a different avenue for themselves. Working with inner-city youth, providing programs for them,

Problem oriented policing is the method in which police agencies focus their attention to the reasons of why crimes are committed, and the complaints of crimes from the public, with the focus on trying to better understand them (Goff, 2016). Problem oriented policing was developed by Herman Goldstein in 1979, he described it as a change in the way in which police function (Goff, 2016). Goff also stated the main premise is that crime needed to be studied, the police did not have the true understanding of the underlying cause of crime, it was also stated that if they did not do this there would be a greater

An accepted definition of community policing never developed during its formative stage (Eck & Rosenbaum,1994). However, there are assessments of components of community policing that warrant notice. The four empirical assessments measure the impact of community policing. There are four but only one was found to have an impact on crime rates. The Bureau of Justice Statistics measures the extent of community policing. These assessments showed some changes in robbery and homicide rates. Other efforts included things such as evaluating single site communities partnership which yielded no effect from community policing. These efforts included things like neighborhood watch and also "soft" efforts included Easter parties, cyber cafe, and parenting

crime rates within the country and especially in its major cities of New York, Chicago and Los

Being a police officer has been a passion of mine for many years. Although many people have different opinions on policing, I strongly believe in the word cop, community oriented policing. www.cops.usdoj.gov defines cop as “a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support the systematic use of partnerships and problem solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues, such as crime, social disorder, and fear of crime.” This can lead to better relationships between police and the community, it gives citizens more control of the quality of life in their community, and it gives the chance for police officers to join the neighborhoods.

The Problem Oriented policing model is a more of a worldwide model as it originates in America. Problem Oriented policing was developed by Herman Goldstein, who was an American professor of law, who had earlier worked as an advisor to the Chicago Police Department. In its very broadest sense problem oriented policing describes a framework to improve the way that the police service operates. Goldstein saw problem oriented policing as a way of delivering a scientific approach to finding solutions to aspects of police business (Tilley, 2003). This model uses an analytical and systematic approach which takes the public’s worry seriously while also developing strategic response which

Both agencies provide support by assigning specialized units to assist local law enforcement agencies with inter-jurisdictional and cross-border investigations. They work together closely with communities, including local government officials, to identify problems, and develop cooperative responses to those problems. There goal is to employ problem oriented and community-policing strategies. Both agencies converted all operating manuals to electronic form which allowed for a paperless report and electronic transmission, storage of police records and saving time money and reduction to possible harm to officers giving out tickets, etc. The agencies are now able to share data more quickly and efficiently within

Problem-oriented policing (POP) simply aim at solving issue/problem within the community. It aim is to solve problems of disorder within the community and to decrease fear of crime as well as crime itself. The present of police in a community somewhat contribute to less crime/ incidents exiting which would prompt citizens to call the police. Where as traditional policing is/was mainly reactive in nature. That is, police patrol the streets during their shift and react to what crimes and/or infractions are being committed. They also, of course, respond to dispatch calls of crimes in progress. Crime prevention is achieved through mere police presence. Negative interaction between the community and police is generally the norm. Incident driven

The SARA problem solving process is an approach to crime used by police agencies who operate under the community policing model. In this process, officers are encouraged to follow four steps in which will allow them to most properly assess and solve reoccurring problems regarding crime within a community. In policing, a problem is typically defined as “two or more incidents that are similar in nature, are causing harm or have the potential to cause harm, and a situation that the public expects the police agency to handle”. Commonalities among these incidents can include the person involved, the location, behavior, and time frame. The four steps in the SARA process include: scanning, analysis, response, and evaluation.

What is the role of community policing specialists in a Compstat approach to crime control? Should the role include leadership in initiating problem-oriented interventions?

Problem oriented Policing, according to the Australian Institute of Criminology, is defined as, "…a method for improving police effectiveness through examining and acting on the underlying conditions that give rise to community problems" (www.aic.gov.au) Trying to improve police departments

Problem-orientated policing is based strongly upon situations that are perceived as leading to the criminal activity. Problem-orientated policing first came about back in 1979 by Herman Goldstein where he published an article and thus laid out a new style of policing he called problem-oriented policing, according to Goldstein this new style of policing was revolutionary and showed a change in the way police operate (Goldstein, 1979). In problem-orientated policing as it became more popular the police came up with a four stage for the problem-solving process know as SARA, Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Evaluation Model. Step 1 is identifying the