UMAR BURKHANOV, PHD TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS PROBLEMS OF VALUATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN INTRODUCTION The complexities of evolution of investment opportunities in emerging markets have been studied before (see, among others, Estrada, 2007, Luehrman, 2009, Richard, 1995, James & Koller, 2000). The problems associated with transparency, foreign exchange volatility and liquidity, contagion, governance, political risks , and corruption have differing impacts on pricing and valuation across countries and regions (Bruner et al., 2002). Uzbekistan is a newly-independent Central Asian country, where the same approaches of valuation methods are employed as in Russia, the Ukraine, and other European parts of the former Soviet Union (Tsamenyi & Tauringana, 2004). According to PWC study (2013), Uzbekistan has enormous investment potential such as relatively low costs of production factors, significant domestic market, and easy access to CIS markets. However, companies that have invested in Uzbekistan have had trouble assessing the country-specific risks (Tsamenyi & Tauringana, 2004) and lack of reliable statistics on economy makes the pricing process more difficult (Peimani, 2009). The paper aims to give some insights into the investment environment and the analyses of factors influencing. The study is motivated by the high failure rate of foreign investments in Uzbekistan (Colin, 1998). The findings of the study will benefit both local
It is only reasonable that any investor interested in starting a company in a developing nation to research and investigate the business landscape in such an unfamiliar terrain before opening up operations there. This is beneficial, as it will provide the prospective investor with important information about the business environment and practices. In particular, an investor should analyze the labor market, examine the costs of founding a company and consider the possible business ethics challenges. In our case, Zhuk needed to make certain his business strategy was in tune with the local culture, business practices and laws in Ukraine.
Investment abroad which can also be referred to as foreign investment is defined as the flow “of capital from one nation to another, in exchange for significant ownership stakes in domestic companies or other domestic assets. Typically, foreign investment denotes that foreigners take a somewhat active role in management as a part of their investment. Foreign investment typically works both ways, especially between countries of relatively equal economic stature.” Foreign investment is vital for all countries as it leads to economic growth and affluence. Foreign investment has positive contributions to all countries, but developing countries can experience major positive effects due to foreign investment. Canada is a country which greatly exemplifies
Over the year’s organizations from, all parts of the world have experienced growth in the areas of business. Much of this growth is in part due to multinational companies, many of them enjoying significant benefits. One such area is investment, however it creates benefits for foreign MNCs, and it brings about concern. Perhaps the greatest fear. Fear concerning state owned corporations and the lack of effectiveness of legislation / regulatory enforcement.
PESTLE ANALYSIS1.Wiggleworth,R.Egypt bleat outlook on debt,09/02/11,ft.com2.Stubbs,J,Investor strategy,13/04/07,ft.com3.Ho,S at all,incomplete transfer phenomena,international marketing reviw vol.5.4.Bevis,G,VAT RISE TO 20%,22/06/10.thisismoney.co.uk5.14/09/10,UK inflation rate,bbc.co.uk6.Gardiner,K,at all, Emerging market fear,09/02/11,ft.com.7.Wolf,M,a STRATEGY FOR GROWTH,10/023/11.FT.COM8.Cohen,N,Price inflation hit,15/02/11,ft.com.9.
One of our clients is considering a potential investment in a particular South American Country (Country X). An investment is to be made only if the expected return is greater than the inherent risk. The market rewards an investor for willing to take risk, and thus it is important to understand the risks underlying. In the case of investing in the equity of Country X, the required return is the reward investor demand for exposure to:
Beath, A., Frauscher, K., Jarvis, M., & Reis, J. G. (2008). The Investment Climate in Brazil, India, and South Africa: A Comparison of Approaches for Sustaining Economic Growth in Emerging Economies. Washington D.C., United States: World Bank Publications.
Understanding market risk is crucial in determining the factors that threaten one’s ability to attain returns from a particular project, single stock, or a portfolio. The impact of market risks is crucial to determining stability and the return on an investment. Many factors impact the market risk which effect both global and country economies. Market risk allows a firm to estimate the risk and return on projects or investments. Generally the riskier the project, the higher the returns. Market risk is predictable over time; although the predictions are not perfect, one can gain understanding into the effects the market will have on investment or how the investment will react to
While emerging-markets are considered high-risk economies with potential for high-reward investment returns, Brazil’s democratic, established political atmosphere only added to the incentives to invest in Brazil. The idea stood that as long as China continued to grow and demand
building strategies to invest in the emerging markets of the Exotican continent, with the primary
Eastern Europe has never had a stable political atmosphere compared to the Western countries, which can be observed as a major threat to any MNC trying to penetrate this market. Most of these countries were under a communist regime and have gained their independence rather recently (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Macedonia became independent in early 1990’s, by separating from Yugoslavia, and Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus gained their independence in 1991, with the fall of Soviet Union). The influence of communistic philosophy, therefore, can explain the difficulties these countries were facing when they tried to integrate and approach the West.
Conclusion: Due to the political uncertainty combined with the weak economy that Russia is presenting for a forging investors, we conclude that better options of the BRIC’s countries would be suggested to BFSI invest its money instead investing in the Russia market.
China launched its economic reforms and open door policy in 1978. A country having largest population, it attracts a pool of foreign investors towards its economy. Since then the economy went through a series of regulatory and political changes, global and domestic factors surrounded the economy, and it emerged as the second largest economy in the world registering a positive growth in its GDP consecutively for almost two decades. The economic situation prevailing globally requires the investors today to assess the opportunities across the globe and China looks to have favourable macroeconomic factors towards being a good investment opportunity.
Investing in emerging markets offer tempting advantages to investors. The volatile economies of countries considered to be in this category have a potential for extraordinary returns. A caveat to investors considering opportunities in emerging markets are the presence of unstable governments, the chance of nationalization, poor property rights protection, and large swings in prices. Emerging markets are far from a sure thing. But, despite high individual risk, emerging markets can reduce portfolio risk. The volatile economies of these countries have such low correlations compared to the domestic market that they actually provide the greatest degree of diversification.
"If only we knew more about the determinants of investment! But, unfortunately, our knowledge in this direction is still very meager. One might well ask, what is wrong with the theory of investment? Or, perhaps, what is wrong with the subject matter itself! For one thing, this variable, -- the pivot of modern macroeconomics -- has apparently lived a somewhat nomadic life among the various chapters of economic theory. Perhaps it has not stayed long enough in any one place. Perhaps it has been
As part of their business expansion, Tata Steel made some high risk investments in countries such as Bangladesh, Iran. For example: the plan set up in the Bangladesh is getting delayed by the question of gas supply, whereas the issue of lease of the mining of the iron ore in the Iran country is responsible for the increase in the cost of the production.