Professional Standards and Codes of Ethics in Nursing

A nurse owes a duty to her profession's own code of ethics. Patient autonomy, justice, and respect for patients' dignity are central to nursing practice. The Canadian Nurses' Association (CNA), through the publication of the codes of ethics for nurses, calls upon nurses to

Nurses actively preserve the dignity of people through practiced kindness and respect for the vulnerability and powerlessness of people in their care… This vulnerability creates a power differential in the relationship between nurses and persons in their care that must be recognised and managed.7 A diagram representing a continuum of professional behaviour provides a picture of therapeutic versus non-therapeutic behaviour in the relationship between the nurse and the persons in their care.8

One of the many roles of the nurse, in caring for their patient, is to advocate for the patient. The nurses in the clip did not exhibit this professional role, the nurses were hesitant in following the physician’s orders, but none of the nurses spoke up on the patient’s behalf. Nurses are often in the best position to communicate with team members and the patient’s family on behalf of the patient, because in most cases, the nurse provides the most interpersonal contact with the patient.

The American Nurses Association (ANA) has the Code of Ethics which holds Nurses to the codes or provisions of these documents. I summarized Provision 1 of the ANA 's Code of Ethics. I give a scenario where this provision is broken by the nursing staff and consequences of doing so. Provision 1: Provision 1 reads as follows “The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems” (American Nurses Association 2001). Provision 1 is divided into five subdivisions. Provision 1.1 is titled “Respect for human dignity"(ANA 2001). The nurse always needs to place value on their patient as a unique individual. Provision 1.2 is titled “Relationships to patients” (ANA 2001). As a nurse you need to leave all prejudice, personal beliefs, and convictions out of the care of your patient. The patient’s self-worth and value is not defined by their religious choice, culture, lifestyle, hygiene, financial status, sex, and race. The nurse needs to form or follow an individual treatment plan that fits your patient’s personal preferences, religious beliefs, and requests. Provision 1.3 reads as follows “The nature of health problems” (ANA 2001). A nurse is not to judge or look down upon a patient by their "The disease, disability, or functional status “(ANA 2001).The nurse needs

The nurse protected the patient’s privacy and promoted confidentiality by keeping the patients information safe.

Assignment 1: Please review The Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nursing and address the following objectives.

This paper will an analysis one of the nine provisions found in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics and compare it with the provision of the American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) Code of Ethics. Both codes of conduct serve as guidelines for ethical and moral dilemmas registered nurses may face. They both offer vague statements allowing for interpretation which will ensure “merit the trust, confidence, and respect of healthcare professionals and the general public (American college, 2016).” This is why Americans view the nursing profession as one of the most honest (Winland-Brown, Lachman,& O’Connor Swanson, 2015).

Truth-telling is an important issue within the nurse-patient relationship. Nurses make decisions on a daily basis regarding what information to tell patients. The specific issue in question is whether a nurse should abide by the Code of Ethics for Nurses by revealing the truth to the patient or refrain from telling the truth to the patient because they are respecting the wishes of the patient’s family. Nurses and health care professionals should always tell the truth to their patients unless the patient forgoes their rights to autonomy or cannot think for themselves. By providing the patient with the truth, they allow the patient to come to terms with their conditions and give them the options for further treatment.

For the past century, nurses have played significant roles in hospitals, clinics, and home care settings. Nurses are the links between the patients and their doctors. While actresses and actors may play a nurses' role in movies, nurses in real life abide by the “Nursing Code of ethics”.

The Code of Ethics that I chose was the American Nursing Association’s Nurse’s Code of Ethics. The example I picked has to do with the Provision 3—3.6 and the ethical principle of beneficence. Provision 3 states “The nurse seeks to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient.” (Slate, 2015). This means that the nurse acts in regard to the wellbeing of the patient, placing the patient at the top of the care being delivered. Further in depth, Provision 3.6 is based on addressing impaired practice if it ever takes place. “The duty of the nurse is to protect the patient, the public, and the profession from harm when a colleague’s practice appears to be impaired.” (Slate, 2015). This requires the nurse to protect the patient and the colleague

Ethical issues in nursing will always be an ongoing learning process. Nurses are taught in nursing school what should be done and how. Scenarios are given on tests with one right answer. However, there are situations that nurses may encounter that may have multiple answers and it is hard to choose one. “Ethical directives are not always clearly evident and people sometimes disagree about what is right and wrong” (Butts & Rich, 2016). When an ethical decision is made by a nurse, there must be a logical justification and not just emotions.

As an individual’s ethics will play a large part in their practice, there are specific guidelines and legislation that exist to ensure that nurses, as well as other health professionals, practice in a way that is ethical (Avery, 2013). These laws further exists to attempt to simplify the ethical issues that sometimes present in nursing practice and to attempt to guide one’s actions. The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) provides guidance to nurses by providing a number of professional codes and guidelines (Avery, 2013). The NMBA has developed a code of ethics for nurses comprising of eight codes (Avery, 2013). These are as follows; 1) Nurses value quality nursing care for all people; 2) Nurses value respect and kindness for self and others;

Codes of ethics contain a coherent set of normative principles underlying a nurse’s purpose and associated values (Vanlaere and Gastmans, 2007). Two perspectives of ethics are the ethics of justice and the ethics of care (Botes, 2000). The ethics of justice constitutes an ethical perspective in terms of which ethical decisions are made on the basis of universal principles and rules, and in an impartial and verifiable manner with a view to ensuring the fair and equitable treatment of all people (Botes, 2000). The ethics of care, on the other hand, constitutes an ethical approach in terms of which involvement, harmonious relations and the needs of others play an important part in ethical decision making in each ethical situation (Botes, 2000).

The implementation of mandatory overtime is supported by the nursing profession’s standards of practice, code of ethics, and a legislative act. The obligation or duty of nurses to provide care is clearly outlined in the Registered Nurses Act and Standards of Practice for Registered Nurses (CRNNS, 2014, p. 3). According to CNA Code of Ethics, duty to provide care means that “nurses have a professional duty and a legal obligation to provide persons receiving care with safe, competent, compassionate and ethical care” (CNA, 2008, p. 24). Nurses will be unable to uphold such duty if mandatory overtime is to be eliminated as an option for use by employers. Working on nursing units that are short-staffed would mean an increased in workload and higher

Ethical issues in nursing are common and ever-present. Our jobs as nursing students is not only learn medications and how to care for patients of all types, but also learn what common ethical issues in nursing exist and how to correctly deal with them. One ethical issue I came across more than once in clinical and in simulation was the presence of family and friends at the bedside during patient assessments, compromising patient confidentiality and HIPAA regulations as well as putting the nurse “on edge” and at higher risk for making a mistake.