CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The first chapter introduced the research problem that raised the question of whether project management methodologies can be tailored down to Nigerian SMEs. This chapter presents the academic literature pertinent tothe research, and places it in context of the research. The significance of literature review is to show the summary of previous research works, which are related to a researcher’s present study. It also allows the researcher to compare its problem, methods, findings and conclusions with the works of previous researcher. The main function of thischapter is to establish a solid foundation of the existing literature (historical, conceptual and empirical), and to investigate in line with the research objectives.
2.2 CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL LITERATURE
2.2.1 Concept of Project Management
Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK, 2007) defines project management as the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to project activities to meet project requirement. Peart (1974) also added that project management is also the work involved in the planning, controlling, coordinating and completing a specific task or series of task.
According to Kerzner (2004), project management is the planning organizing directing, controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives.
2.2.2 History of Project Management
While the procedure
staff, management, and goals are in place to include them in the grid. Future plans must
Project management is short term; it has a beginning, an end, and has identified steps to take throughout the process. The steps of project management are as follows: proposal, initial investigation, detailed investigation, development and testing, trial, operation and closure, as well as, the evaluation. There are measurable benefits to using project management within an organization for certain key objectives or processes that need
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This project charter is planned to help O’Donnell & O’Donnell LLP who will lead the project management team take place the parade smoothly. This parade for welcoming home troops will be organized in Colorado Spring which has a long history of military. This project charter’s goal is making sure project management team and sponsors understand all details and tasks of this parade and getting an agreement between these two parties. Some important tasks can be directed with the project charter. For examples, raising fund, arranging thousands of soldiers and planning a lunch
Project management is the performance based process focus on one o more deliverable. It is the process of identifying a problem or need coming up with possible solution, deciding on the best one and completing the project in a manner that is acceptable to
Project Management is the art of arranging, sorting out, spurring, and controlling resources to attain specific objectives. A project is a brief endeavor intended to deliver a unique product, service, attempted to meet extraordinary objectives and goals, commonly to achieve helpful change or included quality.
According to Doctor Talley slide on Project management and also in line with Jack Meredith & Samuel j. Mantel, project management was defined as “The application of knowledge, skills tools and techniques to project activities to meet the project
Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is often closely related to program management (Wikipedia).
What is project management? Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements. (PMBOK 2004)
Project management is managing the work to develop and innovate or even change within an existing operation. There are five steps in this management: Initiating the project, Planning and controlling all activities to keep the project on schedule, executing every phase of the projects process, monitoring/ controlling reviewing and regulating the progress and performance of all phases of the project, Closing process this is where all processes are finalized and completed to officially close the project out.
Young (2003) describes project management as ‘a collection of linked activities carried out in an organised manner with a clearly defined start point and finish point, to achieve some specific results that satisfy the needs of an organisation as derived from the organisations current business plans’ Firstly, in any organisation projects should be viewed as a unique transient endeavours which commit to planned objectives, this could be measured by input and output but a
In order to achieve their business objective, project management and the used methodology are key factor which will be responsible for the success or failure of this project.
Project management is seen as the application of skills, knowledge, tools and tecniques to projects activities that has to do with the demands of the project. (PMBOK, 2008). Futhermore, project management was defined by Kchithkara (1998) being the
According to Russell and Taylor (2014), the project management as the management of the work, including work break down structure, to develop and implement a new idea, innovation or a change in an existing process of the organization. Project management is accomplished by planning the project, controlling the project activities subject to the resource and budget constraints, identified and mitigates the risk to keep the project on schedule.
Project management is a series of steps taken in sequence to manage a project through all phases from conception to completion. The steps are documented in a strategic plan. The plan is used to ensure that all parties are working towards a common goal. Project management requires applying knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to specific activities in accordance with established standards and guidelines. There are five basic functions of project management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Basic activities of project management include: identifying project requirements to define the outcomes; addressing various needs, concerns and expectations of others; setting up, maintaining and carrying out communications; managing others; creating project deliverables; and balancing competing project constraints.