Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Cells are the smallest form of life of which all forms of life are composed of one or more cells. All cells come from pre-existing cells. Two different of cells exist: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. They are structurally and functionally different, but they share some properties. Some similarities are: methods of reproduction, cell division by binary fission, mitosis or meiosis. The presence of DNA and RNA for protein synthesis, plasma is the cell membrane and changes in temperature make these cells alike.
These two types of cells are different in other important ways. Eukaryotes have a nucleus surrounded by a cell membrane. Prokaryotes have a nuclear region not surrounded
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Eukaryotes have an enclosed nucleus with paired DNA. Intracellular structures in prokaryotes have plasma membrane and lacks sterols. Eukaryotes have sterols with plasma membrane. Both have a cell membrane. Prokaryotes have a cell wall. Eukaryotes do not have a cell wall. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus. Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Nucleoid area is present in Prokaryotes. Mitochondria are present in Eukaryotes. Mode of reproduction is asexual in Prokaryotes and both asexual and sexual in Eukaryotes. Extracellular structures present in Prokaryotes with pepidoglycocan. Eukaryotes do not have peptidoglyocan. They have cellulose and chitin. Both are present in plants and fungi. External layer of Prokaryotes can be a capsule or slime layer. Eukaryotes can be pellicule or shell in protists. Flagella are present in Prokaryotes and consist of fibril. Eukaryotes have flagella with microtubal arrangement. Cilia are not present in Prokaryotes. Prokaryotes use binary fission and only asexual reproduction. Eukaryotes reproduce by mitosis or meiosis ad can be asexual or …show more content…
Prokaryotes are some of the smallest of all organisms. Due to its size, prokaryotes can get nutrients quickly throughout the cell. Bacteria come in three shapes: rods, spirals or spheres. Some bacteria are coccobacilli. These are short rods shaped between a cocci and bacilli. A comma shaped bacterium is called a vibrio. A rigid wavy shaped rod is called spirilium. Spirochete is a corkscrew shaped rod.
Many bacteria have a distinct arrangement in grouping of cells. Such groups form when cells divide without separating. Cocci can divide in one or more plane or random. Division in one plane is called diplo or division in pairs. Chains of cocci are called strepto. Two planes of division is called tetrads. Random division produces grape like clusters called staphylo. Bacilli divide only in one plane, but they can be side by side or end to end.
Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and is located external to the cell membrane. Helps in cell maintenance and contributes to acidic polysaccharides such as teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid. Gram negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan. More complex layer that provides cover that is anchored to the lipoprotein molecules of the peptidoglycan layer. This membrane contains porin, which allows penetration of only small molecules. This serves as a defense mechanism of large molecules such as
You can identify a eukaryotic cell by its encased nucleus, containing the majority of its DNA and organelles surrounded by a membrane. Plant and Animal cells have double membranes and a housed nucleus therefore they are eukaryotic cells; organisms which do not contain a double membrane and an encased nucleus are known as prokaryotes, e.g. bacteria. The eukaryotic cell is made up of many membrane bound organelles which all have a specific function.
There are three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They include membrane-bound organelles, presence of a nucleus, and being multicellular or unicellular.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.
Draw a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell and list 3 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Be creative in drawing, but be detailed! (1.5 point)
Breaking down an organism leads scientists to identify cells. A group of cells create tissues, tissues combined are organs, and organs and their functions make up systems. Basically, cells make up living organisms. There are 2 kinds of cells: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. Within a prokaryotic, it doesn’t contain a DNA bounded nucleus; however, a eukaryotic cell does. Though the prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell, they share a cell membrane. The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins, which makes it selectively permeable. It is located outside of the cytoplasm and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Its basic function is to protect the cell from its surroundings by selecting what can enter and exit the cell.
Well prokaryote is the name given to organisms that are made up from cells that lack a cell nucleus or cells that lack any membrane-encased organelles (a specialized subunit within a cell). In lamens terms, in prokaryotes, the DNA is not bound or held together inside a nucleus. Prokaryotes also only have a single loop DNA. Last but not least prokaryotes are divided into groups or domains but more about that in a minute.
1. The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells.
When it comes to Biology there are two important types of cells. One type would be Eukaryotic cells and the second type would be bacterial cells. All cells have four common cell structures, for example, genetic material, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Eukaryotic and bacterial cells have five distinct structures with their unique functions. Eukaryotic cells are relatively larger than bacterial cells. Therefor, Eukaryotic cells have structures that have different functions compared to bacteria. Flagella, cell wall, plasma membrane, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and cytoplasm are structures that are common on both cell types but have a different function and location due to the size of the cells.
First, I divided the key into gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Then I divided the positive half of my key by morphology, rods and cocci. The other negative half was divided by morphology as well, into rods and cocci, but since we were not using any Gram negative cocci, that path was a dead end. Gram positive rods consisted of Bacillus subtitles, and Corynebacterium. Gram positive cocci consisted of Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis.
Of course, prokaryotic reproduction is limited because cells eventually exhaust their nutrient supply, accumulate metabolic wastes, or are consumed by other organisms. Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes. They have a variety of internal membranes and structures, called organelles, and a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, which play an important role in defining the cell's organization and shape. Eukaryotic DNA is divided into several linear bundles called chromosomes, which are separated by a microtubular spindle during nuclear division. Nuclear division is often coordinated with cell division. This generally takes place by mitosis, a process that allows each daughter nucleus to receive one copy of each chromosome. In most eukaryotes, there is also a process of sexual reproduction, typically involving an alternation between haploid generations, wherein only one copy of each chromosome is present, and diploid generations, wherein two are present, occurring through nuclear fusion (syngamy) and meiosis. Eukaryotes have a smaller surface area to volume ratio than prokaryotes, and thus have lower metabolic rates and longer generation times.
Within prokaryotes and eukaryotes there are various similarities, but also differences. First, prokaryotes are cells without a true nucleus. Instead they have a nucleoid that houses their DNA. Eukaryotes on the other hand are cells with a nucleus and a nuclear membrane. Along with the nuclear membrane, eukaryotes also have membrane bound organelles. These organelles allow for complex compartmentalization. Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles, which causes them to be simplistic and lack internal compartmentalization. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have a cell wall that determines their shape and protects the cell. However, the cell walls differ in structure. Eukaryotes do not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall, whereas some prokaryotes
Adversely, in eukaryotes the former takes place in the nucleus and the latter in the cytoplasm. These factors strongly convey the simplicity of a prokaryotic cell, which do not require as many genes to operate compared to that of a eukaryotic
Another thing Eukaryotes have that Prokaryotes don’t is a membrane bound organelles. The DNA of Eukaryotes is more extensive and complex. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell while the DNA of Eukaryotes is held in the nucleus. They both deal with different types of living
The eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cells are alike in many ways, Some ways they are alike is that they have DNA as their genetic material , membrane bound, have ribosomes, similar basic metabolism, and amazingly diverse in forms. This is the twin like feature that they have. The eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cells differ in way to
The cell is the smallest unit able to sustain life, and they are often referred to as the building blocks of life. There are two primary types of cell, which are categorized according to the way their genetic material is packaged, rather than size or shape. These are: