Psychological And Psychological Events Surrounding The Theories Of Twins

Table 3-1 examines the correlations between selected characteristics for the identical twins separated at birth and the twins raised together. When compared to each other, they both have very similar brain wave activity, blood pressure and heart rate in the physiological characteristics. The Raven intelligence test was very similar, but the WAIS IQ displayed a bit of difference when compared to the other comparisons made. Personality wise, they typically had similar personalities at the same rate as twins raised together. Psychological interests were off a little bit, but still very similar. The twins that were separated at birth had less similar psychological interests compared to the twins

Twins, share a bond that no parent, child or sibling relationship can ever compare. There are two main types of twins, and these include: monozygotic (identical) twins and dizygotic (fraternal) twins, and they are compared by their emotional, behavioural, and cognitive similarities. (Robert Plomin, 1997). According to Social Issues Referencing, 2007, whereas Identical twins are formed from a single (mono) zygote and are genetic “carbon copies”, fraternal twins develop from two (di) separate zygotes, as a result of two eggs being fertilized by two sperms independently. (Social Issues Referencing, 2007, para. 8)

Twin studies are a mainstay of the nature verse nurture debate because they allow researchers to conduct “natural experiments” on human beings. When researchers try to determine the relative importance of genetics and environment with regard to a certain condition, they have a hard time because they cannot generally get people with the same genes. This is where twin studies come in. Twins studies are part of the method used in behaviour genetics, which includes all data that are genetically informative. E.g. siblings, adoptees, pedigree data etc. Researchers use this method to estimate the heritability of traits and to quantify the effect of a person 's shared environment (family) and unique environment (the individual events that shape a life) on a trait.

Using the information provided by Belmont and Marolla, Zajonc and Markus proposed the theory that as family size increases, the average intellectual climate of the family decreases. Zajonc and Markus put the data from the Belmont and Marolla study into a table that provided information about the number of children and the average intellectual score for the children. They noticed that in larger families there is somewhat of a leveling off or even an increase in scores for the extreme later-born children. The reason for this increase is because the other siblings start to leave the family and contribute towards the average intellectual climate. Zajonc and Markus also found that twins and triplets performed lower on tests of intelligence than non-twin siblings. Zajonc and Markus didn't try to claim that the only

I was born a twin and research studies show that with twins there is a high percentage that one twin may have a speech impairment. I was twin (a), the one who had the severe speech impairment. Growing up and not being able to speak properly had a major impact on my life. My speech was so severe that my mother and father use to tell me that they felt bad because they were my parents and they couldn’t understand what I was trying to say. Thanks to my twin sister she knew everything that I was trying to say and she would translate for me. I begin to take speech classes in kindergarten up until I was in the 5th grade. I never knew that my speech problem was so severe until I began school and all the other children begin to laugh and make fun of me because of the way I spoke, they would tell me “I spoke like a baby”.

Pros include the strength of the bond and a sense of companionship. However, a bond can be developed between other siblings as the bond between twins is developed. It’s just stated that they have a stronger bond because they grew in the womb together. An only child can develop a bond like twins with a best friend. Children typically grow up together from elementary through high school. If anyone is willing to create a bond, they can have a companion. People often believe that their life would be better, but all they need is one friend with a strong bond. Twins are best friends. For instance, Mairah once stated that “My sister once told me that she considered herself the luckiest person in the world — for she was born one minute after her best friend” (Schaefer). Even, if a twin exclaims that life is better with a twin because of the best friend bond, anyone can have a best friend if they tried. Therefore, people should stop saying that they want a twin, and start creating a bond strong enough that people begin to question if they’re twins or

Two little girls with matching pink dresses, light up shoes, backpacks double their size skip off to the bus for their very first day of school. To a five year old, kindergarten was a big deal. The first time away from their parents, a new environment, and very intimidating older kids. I knew I was lucky, I got to take on this new experience with my built-in best friend and somehow, knowing that made all the difference.

Throughout history, across all cultures, people have been fascinated with twins. In addition to interest in the close emotional ties and biological similarities that twins may share, reports of special twin languages and twin extrasensory perception (ESP) help people to explore ideas of what it means to be human. How similar or different are they to each other? How important are genes and environment for development? Because identical twins share all of their genes, it is the environment—rather than genetics—that accounts for any differences between them.

Since people began to wonder about our history and making, there has been the question of why. Why do people do the things they do? Are these traits inherited by a person’s ancestors, or are they simply following what they observe? To begin, you must give credit to the two philosophers who initially sparked different opinions about these two ideas. Aristotle theorized, that humans are born into the world with a blank slate and their behavior and thoughts are due solely to experience (Ashcraft, 1998). That theory would suggest that humans learn their phobias, sexuality, gender association, and all other traits through the world that surrounds them. Plato, thought quite the opposite. He believed that believed that behaviors and knowledge were due to inborn factors. Although the view of Plato are heavily opposed today, there must be some connection in the way we as humans turn out. There is so much that is unknown that we come “prewired” with at birth. Who’s to say that a person is not born with a predisposition of their sexual preference, or in more recent years, the role of gender? I believe that both nature and nurture are responsible for the way one matures. You cannot overlook the fact that some people carry the traits of their ancestors, or the fact that in many situations, people are victims of circumstance. I think the more important question is which side has a larger role in the way people turn out.

In reading stories about identical twins my point of view is easily understood. Various types of psychologist have analyzed the study of identical twins. It shows that individuals with the same genetic make-up can be totally different, when it comes to personality. Nurture promotes the twins to grow up as separate individuals. Its a lot better if a twin has his or her own personality rather than the same exact personality of the other half. I think this great debate weighs heavier on the nurture side. As a child my parents, and sibling overshadowed my genetic make-up. No matter how much I thought my physical traits made me behave. It did not affect me more than the things that I had seen and been exposed to. The more things that I had seen around and experienced made me the person that I am today. If my genetic make-up was totally different, to a certain extent, I am sure that I?d behave the same way that I do presently. There are exceptions to that. For instance if I were six foot five and one hundred and ninety pounds, I?d most likely be in the NBA and be really rich. I think if I was really rich and in the NBA I wouldn?t have the same worries that I have today. Even if before I were in the NBA I would have lots of attention and have a lot more confidence. So to an extent I would change a little if my genetic make-up were different. In a sense, genetic make-up is just a competitor to the environmental factors

For years I have been fascinated by that mysterious quirk of nature called twins. In my family, there are several sets of identical twins, and I have always concentrated on their similarities. I did not realize that identical twins also have many differences. My identical twin cousins, Sue and Heidi, appear to be perfect mirror images. They love to dress alike. They can feel each other's pain. They sound alike and can complete each other's sentences. But upon taking a closer look, I have found that they are as different as day and night. Aside from Sue and Heidi's outward characteristics, they possess several distinguishing traits that allow them to be viewed as two separate, independent

Scientists and psychologists everywhere study twins. The argument most commonly studied is nature versus nurture. The focus of this essay, however, is whether or not to separate twins in schools. Some believe the separation is demeaning and traumatic to the twins. The side about to be proved however that is this separation is a necessary step in the individualization of twins. Often, separation sparks the path to individualization.

The Minnesota Twin Registry started in 1983 and its goal was to establish a registry of all twins born in Minnesota from 1936 to 1955 to be used for psychological research.., T.J. Bouchard, working in conjunction with the University of Minnesota, started exploring the similarities and differences in characteristics like personality, career interests, and a variety of personal interests between identical twins who were reared apart. Research was conducted on twins from all over the world. The Minnesota Twin study gave scientists a new insight of the role of nature vs. nurture on human development and personality; it was the hope that twin studies would be able to tie genes to specific behaviors. From the study, we understand that twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families

In our opinion, twins reared in different conditions will display some of the same traits. However, it depends on certain aspects as well. To start off, Twin studies are a significant tool to investigate the nature versus nurture argument. Identical twins, or monozygotic twins, are siblings that have the exact same genotypes whereas fraternal twins are dizygotic twins that only share half of their genes together. Fraternal twins are similar to siblings, except they have of the exact age. As Plomin, DeFries, McClearn, and Rutter (1997) stated that “if one twin has dark hair, then the other twin has dark hair as well; where the concept of identical genes would ideally distribute itself towards the phenotypes of behavior and personality of identical twins”.

The best theory that would explain this situation is the cognitive theory. The fraternal twins parents are determined that they should grow up not having gender stereotypic attitudes or behaviors, yet they both take on traditional gender roles for their age. (classnotes). In the cognitive theory children on their own actively connect their gender to how they should behave. In this theory children adopt traditional gender roles despite what their parents may want. Jen and bens parents would like for them not to exemplify gender stereotypical behaviors but the children adopted gender roles on their own without the influence from their parents. “Children engage in self-socialization instead of being the passive targets of social influence, they actively socialize themselves.” (siegelman,2012). In this theory at the early age of 2 years, children assign a gender to themselves and then they seek as much information as they can on their newly discovered gender. From seeking information on their gender they come across typical stereotypical behavior on the gender they have identified themselves with. The twins are 4 years of age, which concludes from this theory that they have both labeled themselves with their genders. For example Jen wants frilly dresses and love to play with her Barbie doll, through seeking information she has found that girls like dresses and play with dolls. The information she obtained was not gather through her parents but through her own research on how to