Psychology : Theories Of Personality

In this class, we have discussed many different opinions and ideas about the theories of personalities. Of these, I have chosen to incorporate ideas from myself, McAdams, Freud, Jung, Adler, and Horney. I believe that there are seven personality types and each is displayed as a personification in a character from the Peanuts cartoons and comics. The personalities are Neuroticism, Openness to Experience and Imagination, Psychoticism, Passive Aggressive Dependency, Histrionicism, Introversion, and Extraversion. These personality types make up the world, and I believe that any single person can actually have several different personalities.

Two things make your life easier. Courage and determination. From who you have to sit next to at dinner to who your father is forcing you to marry, these two things have always done the trick. In the novel, Catherine, Called Birdy, by Karen Cushman, the author proves through Catherine that it is possible to get through your life, regardless of how bad it seems, by using courage and determination.

In psychology, there are four major theories of personality: psychodynamic, trait or five-factor model, humanistic, and social-cognitive. The psychodynamic theory primarily focuses on the role of the unconscious mind. The social cognitive theory focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior and is based on theories of learning. Whereas, the humanistic theory emphasizes conscious life experiences and choices. The trait or five-factor model focuses on characteristics themselves and not the roots of personality.

The study of personality traits is beneficial in identifying the many variables that exist from human to human; the combinations of these variables provide us with a true level of individuality and uniqueness. In the field of psychology, trait theory is considered to be a key approach to the study of human personality (Crowne, 2007; Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009). This paper aims to identify a number of significant contributors who have played crucial roles in both the development and application of trait theory. This paper then moves focus to these theorists, outlining their theory and analysing both the strengths and weaknesses of those theories. An illustration of the methods used in trait measurement is given and includes the

However, I misjudged the severity of the client’s depression and changed my theoretical approach to Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy using the ABC model. This approach was used to show the client that the activating event does not cause his depression but his beliefs about the activating events is what causes his

Ellis uses ABC model (A=activating event /what you are aware of, B=belief/ negative thought about the situation and C=consequences/emotional reaction), which indicates that an events, or, situation that you are aware of, triggers to set off a negative belief about a situation which leads to consequences (emotional

However with advantages come disadvantages. For example, with correlational studies there is no background information obtained. Therefore, the reliability of the correlational studies is questioned.

“We are influenced by our own internal forces, forces of which we are unaware, have feelings towards, or urges we do not quite understand “(Freidman, 2012, p. 17). This is the struggle that personality psychology tries to understand, how and to what extent the unconscious forces plays a role in human behavior. It is believed that people are responsible for their own actions. There is a continuous struggle with personality psychology and the comprehension of and to what extent unconscious forces play in human behavior. “Meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances; if there is any reaction both are transformed” (Carl Jung 1993, p.57). There are various questions that are asked about the issues in personality psychology such as, “How important are social influences on the self, such as parental deprivation or excessive praise? Is the sense of self merely an inconsequential epiphenomenon or secondary perception arising from other forces that really matter? What is the core of who we are? A second core issue with the studies of personality studies is does each person require a unique approach? “Gordon Allport argued that a key aspect of the study of personality must focus on the individual and thus be idiographic” (p.18). To generalize an individual is a complication in itself because the personality of each person is complex in its own way so how can we generalize? Obtaining an answer to that question is still a dilemma. Allport complained

Allport defines personality as ‘the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychological systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment’ (Allport, 1937). An individual’s unique personality traits and attributes are a powerful indicator of how he/she will interact with the work environment. The difference between average and outstanding employees can often be solely personality related. As the employee is the most valuable asset to the company, ‘selecting the right employee during the process is critical’ (Carbery and Cross, 2013, pp. 41-53)

Ellis stated that humans can be rational and humans can be irrational. Rational thoughts may include an individual saying, “I want” or “I prefer” while an irrational thought may be “I must” or “I should.” Ellis says the only absolute in life is death, therefore, if an individual exaggerates, oversimplifies, over generalizes and absolutes it may lead to irrational beliefs. These irrational beliefs are the source of emotional issues that result in guilt, anxiety, anger, and depression; Ellis defended this by saying that emotions cannot be separated by thoughts.

There are two main ways by which a plaintiff could challenge the NCAA’s no-pay rules under Section 1 of the Sherman Act. First, the plaintiff could argue that the no-pay regulations signify a type of wage fixing that damages not only the market for the student-athletes’ skills but also the value of college sports as a whole. Second, the plaintiff could argue that the NCAA rules create an unlawful group prohibition of those

Over the last 100 years, the underpinning concepts in the fields of psychology and counseling were wrought. Within this period, these concepts have transformed and evolved from somewhat crude conceptions of the psyche toward more holistic interventions and approaches. As the profession continues to move forward, adaptations of the original theorists regarding the nature of man and the development of personality continue to emerge. These adaptations, along with the integration of new concepts and ideas, continue to contribute to the field. The author describes his view of man and human nature, personality development, and explores potential implications for counseling.

The father of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is Albert Ellis. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1913, New York became Dr. Ellis’ home since his family move there when he was four years old. Ellis struggled with health problems and physical ailments from childhood until his death in 2007. As a child, Ellis survived on his own as his parents were absent. His father was a traveling business person and his mother was emotionally absent (Albert Ellis Institute, 2012). The foundation of REBT developed when a youthful Ellis utilized a philosophy of viewing life to deal with his physical and family issues (Corey, 2013).

Neal Miller, a well-known psychologist, was an important theorist who dedicated a lot of time and effort into studying the work of Sigmund Freud and Clark Hull. Miller became interested in Clark Hull’s work on his study of classical conditioning (Coon, 2010). While at Yale University, Miller joined John Dollard and several other individuals to write the book Frustration and Aggression (Coon, 2010). After this book was wrote, Miller and Dollard joined together in writing many other books, including Personality and Psychotherapy: An Analysis in Terms of Learning, Thinking and Culture and Social Learning and Imitation (Coon, 2010). Having joined together for

35 million Americans use marijuana on a monthly basis, while at least 78 million Americans use at some point according to a survey by Yahoo News/Marist College (Kate); however, marijuana is an illegal drug in most of The United States. Marijuana has been outlawed, and the potential benefits from legalization outweigh the detriments of criminalization. Marijuana can be decriminalized by affecting the general consensus of the public through social media and removing cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act.